气候变化对南极磷虾行为和种群动态的影响,Nature Reviews Earth & Environment

南大洋磷虾栖息地受到气候条件变化、海冰减少和气温上升的影响。这些变化反过来会影响磷虾的出现、生理和行为，从而可能对生态系统产生影响。在这篇综述中，我们研究了气候变化对南极磷虾的影响以及对南大洋生态系统的潜在影响。自 20 世纪 70 年代以来，成年人口密度明显下降，西南大西洋北部出现了非常密集的群体。这些变化与人口分布的纬度和纵向重新排列有关，包括西南大西洋的向极地收缩，并且可能是由海洋变暖、海冰减少和幼虫栖息地质量变化驱动的。由于群体成为渔民和捕食者的目标，这种收缩可能会增加渔业与捕食者的相互作用，可能会加剧已经减少的企鹅数量和恢复的鲸鱼数量的风险。这些风险需要制定紧急缓解措施。需要使用新兴技术的环极监测网络来增强现有调查并更好地记录磷虾分布的变化。

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Krill habitats in the Southern Ocean are impacted by changing climate conditions, reduced sea ice and rising temperatures. These changes, in turn, affect krill occurrence, physiology and behaviour, which could have ecosystem impacts. In this Review, we examine climate change impacts on Antarctic krill and the potential implications for the Southern Ocean ecosystem. Since the 1970s, there have been apparent reductions in adult population density and the occurrence of very dense swarms in the northern Southwest Atlantic. These changes were associated with latitudinal and longitudinal rearrangement of population distribution — including a poleward contraction in the Southwest Atlantic — and were likely driven by ocean warming, sea-ice reductions and changes in the quality of larval habitats. As swarms are targeted by fishers and predators, this contraction could increase fishery–predator interactions, potentially exacerbating risk to already declining penguin populations and recovering whale populations. These risks require urgent mitigation measures to be developed. A circumpolar monitoring network using emerging technologies is needed to augment existing surveys and better record the shifts in krill distribution.