python 爬取google总结

2023-07-13 18:48| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

1.问题目前主流的搜索引擎，非google莫属，但其对于非法（流量异常、爬虫）请求的封锁也是异常严厉

本人前段时间有个脚本用到了谷歌搜索，具体见python之由公司名推算出公司官网(余弦相似度)当时直接使用的是一个python开源项目

但在使用过程中，单ip的情况下爬取速度可谓感人，稍不留神还会被封，所以对于获取谷歌搜索结果的爬虫有必要进行改进

说一说爬取谷歌搜索结果的问题：

1.正常打开谷歌搜索，然后审查元素想获取目标内容的时候，会发现是一大串js。 2.访问过快就会出现流量异常 2.如何解决对于第一个问题：

应该有看到审查元素出来的都是js，然后检索的url是这样的：

https://www.google.com.hk/search?q=hello&oq=hello&aqs=chrome…69i57j69i60l2j69i65j69i60j0.876j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&google_abuse=GOOGLE_ABUSE_EXEMPTION%3DID%3Daa946d8c657cf359:TM%3D1484917472:C%3Dr:IP%3D118.193.241.44-:S%3DAPGng0tGiKFaIr7YCaivUEmmEHOYJhG4jg%3B+path%3D/%3B+domain%3Dgoogle.com%3B+expires%3DFri,+20-Jan-2017+16:04:32+GMT

这里解决办法很粗暴，禁止掉js就好，让我们看看禁止js后是什么样的：

然后再看url： https://www.google.com.hk/search?q=hello&btnG=Search&safe=active&gbv=1

对于这个url，相信机智的你应该会明白些什么

这里可以写个简单的脚本，比如说获取，谷歌搜索第一页所有结果的html，简单写下：

URL_SEARCH = "https://{domain}/search?hl={language}&q={query}&btnG=Search&gbv=1" URL_NUM = "https://{domain}/search?hl={language}&q={query}&btnG=Search&gbv=1&num={num}" def search_page(query, language='en', num=None, start=0, pause=2): """ Google search :param query: Keyword :param language: Language :return: result """ time.sleep(pause) domain = self.get_random_domain() if num is None: url = URL_SEARCH url = url.format( domain=domain, language=language, query=quote_plus(query)) else: url = URL_NUM url = url.format( domain=domain, language=language, query=quote_plus(query), num=num) try: requests.packages.urllib3.disable_warnings(InsecureRequestWarning) r = requests.get(url=url, allow_redirects=False, verify=False, timeout=30) charset = chardet.detect(r.content) content = r.content.decode(charset['encoding']) return content except Exception as e: logging.error(e) return None

到了这里，问题才刚开始，你可以做个实验，我假设你是使用代理进行谷歌搜索，如果你连续不断无间隔使用谷歌搜索某一关键字二三十下，不出意外你会被要求进行这样的验证：

这个问题可真是让人十分厌恶，我并没有很好的解决办法，能做的唯有尽量避免：

1.ip轮询 2.每次结果爬取增加休眠 3.随机user_agent是必备

第一点和第三点不必多说，对于第二点增加休眠时间则需要我们好好地进行检测。假设在单ip随机ua情况下：

1.这种情况下不休眠的话请求个两三次就会直接被封（第二天会被解封） 2.个人觉得这不是个解决办法，因为对休眠时间把控不好的话就会造成封ip，如果不想被封，我测试的话需要休眠60s浮动，这没什么意义 3.而且这种情况下发现是直接封ip，对开发者太不友好对于这种情况，受同事神来一句，发现一个暂时的解决办法，请看下图：

单一ip不停地访问统一谷歌域名自然很容易被察觉，谷歌全球190+的域名，难道都在实时的统计ip么，可能有，但绝对不会像单域名那样严格，来做个测试。

我将全球190+谷歌域名集中起来，像ua一样随机轮换，然后进行测试(单ip)，结果还不错：

1.首先没有出现被封ip，只会提示流量异常 2.还是需要休眠，本人休眠515s没有被封过，可根据自身情况来，如果想稳妥点就530s吧我将这些写成了一个项目，magic_google-python，若你是phper，可以看看我写的php版本php-google，具体代码可以看这里，对应的功能很简单：

from magic_google import MagicGoogle import pprint

Or PROXIES = None

PROXIES = [{ ‘http’: ‘http://192.168.2.207:1080’, ‘https’: ‘http://192.168.2.207:1080’ }]

Or MagicGoogle()

mg = MagicGoogle(PROXIES)

Crawling the whole page

result = mg.search_page(query=‘python’)

Crawling url

for url in mg.search_url(query=‘python’): pprint.pprint(url)

Output ‘https://www.python.org/’ ‘https://www.python.org/downloads/’ ‘https://www.python.org/about/gettingstarted/’ ‘https://docs.python.org/2/tutorial/’ ‘https://docs.python.org/’ ‘https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(programming_language)’ ‘https://www.codecademy.com/courses/introduction-to-python-6WeG3/0?curriculum_id=4f89dab3d788890003000096’ ‘https://www.codecademy.com/learn/python’ ‘https://developers.google.com/edu/python/’ ‘https://learnpythonthehardway.org/book/’ ‘https://www.continuum.io/downloads’ Get {‘title’,‘url’,‘text’}

for i in mg.search(query=‘python’, num=1): pprint.pprint(i)

Output {‘text’: ‘The official home of the Python Programming Language.’, ‘title’: ‘Welcome to Python .org’, ‘url’: ‘https://www.python.org/’}

3.总结对google搜索结果的爬取，有以下建议：

1.ip轮询 2.ua随机 3.domain随机 4.休眠

user_agent总结： self._user_agent = [‘Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0’, ‘Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0)’, ‘Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)’, ‘Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)’, ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1’, ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1’, ‘Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11’, ‘Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 6.1; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11’, ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_0) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11’, ‘Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Maxthon 2.0)’, ‘Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; TencentTraveler 4.0)’, ‘Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)’, ‘Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; The World)’, ‘Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0)’, ‘Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; 360SE)’, ‘Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Avant Browser)’, ‘Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)’, ‘Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; U; CPU iPhone OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5’, ‘Mozilla/5.0 (iPod; U; CPU iPhone OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5’, ‘Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5’, ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.3.7; en-us; Nexus One Build/FRF91) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1’, ‘MQQBrowser/26 Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.3.7; zh-cn; MB200 Build/GRJ22; CyanogenMod-7) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1’, ‘Opera/9.80 (Android 2.3.4; Linux; Opera Mobi/build-1107180945; U; en-GB) Presto/2.8.149 Version/11.10’, ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 3.0; en-us; Xoom Build/HRI39) AppleWebKit/534.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Safari/534.13’, ‘Mozilla/5.0 (BlackBerry; U; BlackBerry 9800; en) AppleWebKit/534.1+ (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/6.0.0.337 Mobile Safari/534.1+’, ‘Mozilla/5.0 (hp-tablet; Linux; hpwOS/3.0.0; U; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) wOSBrowser/233.70 Safari/534.6 TouchPad/1.0’, ‘Mozilla/5.0 (SymbianOS/9.4; Series60/5.0 NokiaN97-1/20.0.019; Profile/MIDP-2.1 Configuration/CLDC-1.1) AppleWebKit/525 (KHTML, like Gecko) BrowserNG/7.1.18124’, ‘Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows Phone OS 7.5; Trident/5.0; IEMobile/9.0; HTC; Titan)’, ‘UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999’, ‘NOKIA5700/ UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999’, ‘Openwave/ UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999’, ‘Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; ) Opera/UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999’, ‘Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0’, ‘Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; InfoPath.2; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; 360SE)’, ‘Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0)’, ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_0) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11’, ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.2.1; zh-cn; HTC_Wildfire_A3333 Build/FRG83D) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1’, ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_8; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50’, ‘Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; U; CPU iPhone OS 4_3_3 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8J2 Safari/6533.18.5’, ‘Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; TencentTraveler 4.0; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)’, ‘MQQBrowser/26 Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.3.7; zh-cn; MB200 Build/GRJ22; CyanogenMod-7) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1’, ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1’, ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Androdi; Linux armv7l; rv:5.0) Gecko/ Firefox/5.0 fennec/5.0’, ‘Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; The World)’, ‘Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Maxthon 2.0)’, ‘Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 6.1; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11’, ‘Opera/9.80 (Android 2.3.4; Linux; Opera mobi/adr-1107051709; U; zh-cn) Presto/2.8.149 Version/11.10’, ‘UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999’, ‘NOKIA5700/ UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999’, ‘Openwave/ UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999’, ‘Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; ) Opera/UCWEB7.0.2.37/28/999’ ]

google域名总结： self.domain = [ ‘https://www.google.com/’, ‘https://www.google.ad/’, ‘https://www.google.ae/’, ‘https://www.google.com.af/’, ‘https://www.google.com.ag/’, ‘https://www.google.com.ai/’, ‘https://www.google.al/’, ‘https://www.google.am/’, ‘https://www.google.co.ao’, ‘https://www.google.com.ar/’, ‘https://www.google.as/’, ‘https://www.google.at/’, ‘https://www.google.com.au/’, ‘https://www.google.az/’, ‘https://www.google.ba/’, ‘https://www.google.com.bd/’, ‘https://www.google.be/’, ‘https://www.google.bf/’, ‘https://www.google.bg/’, ‘https://www.google.com.bh/’, ‘https://www.google.bj/’, ‘https://www.google.com.bn/’, ‘https://www.google.com.bo’, ‘https://www.google.com.br/’, ‘https://www.google.bs/’, ‘https://www.google.at/’, ‘https://www.google.bt/’, ‘https://www.google.co.bw/’, # ‘https://www.google.by/’, ‘https://www.google.com.bz/’, ]

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