Python GUI tkinter 加入matplotlib图表

2023-09-24 06:55| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

将matplotlib 生成的图表插入tkinter可以扩展软件的功能，比如选中excel文件生成自动生成图表本例需要的Python第三方库: tkinter:生成GUI matplotlib：生成图表 numpy：计算均值标准差 scipy：正态分布函数 xlrd：读取excel内容

import tkinter import tkinter.filedialog from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg from matplotlib.figure import Figure import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np import matplotlib from scipy.stats import norm import xlrd matplotlib.rcParams['font.sans-serif']=['SimHei'] # 用黑体显示中文 matplotlib.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=False # 正常显示负号 def get_excel_value(j,filename): #j代表列0是第一列,j,filename 为文件名 row_list =[] #建立空列表插入尺寸数据 excel = xlrd.open_workbook(r"%s"%filename) #sheet = excel.sheet_by_index(0) #根据下标获取对应的sheet表 sheet = excel.sheet_by_name("report") #根据表名获取对应的sheet表 #for j in range(0,sheet.ncols): for i in range(5, sheet.nrows): #从表的第6行开始到 if sheet.row_values(i, start_colx=j, end_colx=j+1): #内循环 row_list.append(sheet.row_values(i, start_colx=j, end_colx=j+1)[0]) #每次循环取一个单元格数据插入列表中 arr_mean = np.mean(row_list) arr_std = np.std(row_list,ddof=1) return row_list,arr_mean,arr_std #函数返回尺寸数据,尺寸均值,尺寸标准差 def get_tolerance(j,filename): #读取公差函数，公差在工作表的3-5行 excel = xlrd.open_workbook(r"%s"%filename) sheet = excel.sheet_by_index(0) #根据下标获取对应的sheet表 nominalvalue = sheet.row_values(2, start_colx=j, end_colx=j+1)[0] up=sheet.row_values(3, start_colx=j, end_colx=j+1)[0] low=sheet.row_values(4, start_colx=j, end_colx=j+1)[0] LSL=nominalvalue+low USL=nominalvalue+up return LSL,USL def get_name(j,filename): #获取尺寸名 excel = xlrd.open_workbook(r"%s"%filename) sheet = excel.sheet_by_index(0) #根据下标获取对应的sheet表 name = sheet.row_values(1, start_colx=j, end_colx=j+1)[0] return name def histgram(position,file): #直方图函数减少代码重复 dimension=get_name(position-1,file) data=get_excel_value(position-1,file)[0] #尺寸数据 num_bins=60 mean=get_excel_value(position-1,file)[1] #尺寸均值 std=get_excel_value(position-1,file)[2] #尺寸标准差 LSL=get_tolerance(position-1,file)[0] #下公差 USL=get_tolerance(position-1,file)[1] #上公差 a=f.add_subplot(2,2,position,title=dimension+"_直方图",xlabel="区间",ylabel="频数/频率") n, bins, patches = a.hist(data, num_bins, density=1, facecolor="blue", edgecolor="black", alpha=0.5) y=norm.pdf(bins, mean, std) a.plot(bins, y, 'r--',linestyle='-') #概率分布图"_"代表实线,"r--"代表红色 x = np.linspace(LSL, LSL, 100) #等差数列 y = np.linspace(0, 100, 100) a.text(x[9],y[9],'LSL',size=13) #text(x,y,str),x,y 文字的坐标 a.plot(x, y, 'g--', linewidth=1) x = np.linspace(USL, USL, 100) y = np.linspace(0, 100, 100) a.text(x[9],y[9],'USL',size=13) a.plot(x, y, 'g--', linewidth=1) root = tkinter.Tk() root.title("tkinter显示图表") width = 700 height = 700 screenwidth = root.winfo_screenwidth() screenheight = root.winfo_screenheight() alignstr = '%dx%d+%d+%d' % (width, height, (screenwidth-width)/2, (screenheight-height)/2) root.geometry(alignstr) f=Figure(figsize=(10,8),dpi=60, tight_layout=True, facecolor="WhiteSmoke")#WhiteSmoke cv = tkinter.Canvas(root, background='white') cv.place(relx=0.0,rely=0.1,relwidth=1,relheight=0.9) def choosefile(): b =tkinter.filedialog.askopenfilename() print(b) a=b[b.rfind("/")+1:]#返回文件名 print(a) listbox_file.insert(0,a) return a def chart(): fieselected=choosefile() histgram(1,fieselected) #调用函数 histgram(2,fieselected) histgram(3,fieselected) histgram(4,fieselected) canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(f, master=cv) # 创建画布控件 canvas.draw() canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(side=tkinter.TOP,fill=tkinter.BOTH,expand=1) # 与画布相同大小 listbox_file=tkinter.Listbox(root,justify=tkinter.LEFT) listbox_file.place(relx=0.0,rely=0.05,relwidth=0.5,height=30) buttonfile=tkinter.Button(root,text="选择文件",command=chart) buttonfile.place(relx=0.5,rely=0.05,width=100,height=30) tkinter.mainloop()

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