翻译学笔记:省略法 | 您所在的位置:网站首页 › starved和starving › 翻译学笔记:省略法 |
3、省略物主代词 英语中的物主代词,汉译时往往可以省略,例如I wash my face in the morning ,汉语只需说“我早上洗脸”,而不必说“我早上洗我的脸”。 1)She went, with her neat figure, and her sober womanly step, down the dark street. 译文:她顺着黑暗的街道走去,显出(……)利落匀称的身材,迈着(……)端庄的女性特有步子。 2)He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head , cast up his eyes, but said nothing. 译文:他耸耸(……)肩,摇摇(……)头,(……)两眼望天,一句话不说。 (二)省略非人称的或强势句中的it it 也是一种代词,但这里主要是讲它的两种特殊用法,即非人称用和强调用。英语中这样用的it,汉译时往往可以省略不译。 1、非人称用 1)Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs. 译文:外面一团漆黑,大雨倾盆。 2)He glanced at his watch; it was7:15. 译文:他一看表,是七点一刻了。 2、强调用 1)It was only then that I began to have doubts whether my story would ever be told. 译文:只是在这个时候,我才开始怀疑,我的经历究竟能不能公诸与众呢! 2)It was with some difficulty that he found the way to his own house. 译文:他费了不少劲儿才找到了回家的路。 (三)省略连接词 汉语词语之间连接词用得不多,其上下逻辑关系常常是暗含的,由词语的词序表示。英语则不然,连接词用得比较多。因此,英译汉时在很多情况下可不必把连接词译出来。 1、省略并列连接词 1)He looked gloomy and trouble. 译文:他看上去有些忧愁不安。 2)Your son or your father or your wife or your cousin or your best friend or your boss or your secretary might be an informer for Heydrich’s organization. 译文:你的儿子、你的父亲、你的妻子、你的表亲、你的好友、你的老板、你的秘书,都可能是海德里希组织的告密者。 2、省略从属连接词。 (1)省略表示原因的连接词 英语因果句中一般用连接词表示原因,而汉语则往往通过词序先后来表示因果关系,“因”在前,“果”在后。因此,英译汉时往往可以把原文中这种连接词省掉不译。 1)We know spring was coming as (because)we had seen a robin. 译文:我们看见了一只知更鸟,知道春天快要到了。 2)He declined to amplify on the President’s statement, since he had not read the text. 译文:他没有看到总统的讲话文本,不愿加以发挥。 (2)省略表示条件的连接词 表示条件的连接词if,一般译为“假如”、“如果”等,但在日常口语体或文言文结构中,往往可以省略不译。 1)If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 译文:冬天来了,春天还会远吗? 2)If I had known it, I would not have joined in it. 译文:早知如此,我就不参加了。 (3)省略表示时间的连接词 表示时间关系的when和as等,汉译时一般用“当……时”,或仅用“时”。但如汉语时间先后次序明显,为了简略起见,“当……时”或“时”往往可以省略。 1)John rose gloomily as the train stood, for he was thinking of his ailing mother. 译文:火车停了,约翰郁郁地站了起来,因为他想起了病中的母亲。 2)When at last he stood upon the bluff, he turned to his little sister and looked upon he sorrowfully. 译文:最后他站到了悬崖上,转过身来,忧郁地看看他的妹妹。 3)At long last, on June 6, 1944, after the European war was basically decided and Hitler licked, the allies launched their long-delayed western front. 译文:1944年6月6日,欧洲战局基本已见分晓,希特勒败局已定,盟军才终于迟迟开辟了西线战场。 (四)省略冠词 英语有冠词,汉语没有冠词;因此,英译汉时往往可将冠词省略。 1)A teacher should have patience in his work. 译文:当教师应当有耐心。 2)The horse is a useful animal. 译文:马是有益的动物。 3)The girl standing at the window is his sister. 译文:站在窗口的(那个)姑娘是他的妹妹。(这里girl后面又定语,定冠词the汉译时可省,可不省) 英译汉时,省略原文中的冠词是一般情况。但在某些场合,冠词却不能省略。如: 1)He left without saying a word. 译文:他一句话不说就走了。(不定冠词a或者an指“一”时,不能省) 2)The onlookers saw the little party climb ashore. 译文:看的人只见那一小队人爬上岸去。(定冠词the强调“这”、“那”时,也不宜省) (五)省略前置词 一般来说,表示时间和地点的英语前置词(前置词指的是介词),译成汉语如出现在句首,大都可以省略,出现在句尾大都不省略。 1、省略表示时间的前置词 1)The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949. 译文:1949年中华人民共和国成立。 比较:中华人民共和国成立于1949年。(前置词译成汉语在句首时可以省略,在句尾就没有省略) 2)The mother sub was cruising near Wake Island on December 2 when we heard hostilities were to begin December 7. 译文:12月2日我们的母艇正在威克岛附近巡航,这时我们听说战争要在12月7日打起来。 2、省略表示地点的前置词 1)Smoking is prohibited in public places. 译文:公共场所不准吸烟。 2)Now complaints are heard in all parts of that country. 译文:该国各地目前怨声载道。 表示地点的英语前置词在译文句首往往可以省略,但放在动词后面却一般不省略。 1)He stood by the desk. 译文:他站在桌旁。 2)She hid behind the door. 译文:她躲在门背后。 3)I stayed in my brother’s house. 译文:我住在弟弟家。 二、从修辞角度看 (一)英语句子中有些短语重复出现,英译汉时可按情况作适当省略。 1)University applicants who had worked at a job would received preference over those who had not. 译文:有工作经验的大学报考人优先录取。 2)Instead of one old man knocking me about and starving me, everyone of all ages knocked me about and starved me. 译文:那时打我饿我的人不止一个老太婆,而是老老少少,各式各样的人。 (二)根据汉语习惯,译文中可以省略一些可有可无的词。 1)There was still the faith that ordinary men are greater than the powers of nature or the mechanisms of man’s hands and will master them all in the end. 译文:仍然有这种信念,普通人比自然力量或人类创造出来的机器更伟大,而且最终会控制它们。 这里,the mechanisms of man’s hands不必译成“人类的手造出来的机器”。 2)There was no snow; the leaves were gone from the trees; the grass was dead. 译文:天未雪,但叶落草枯。 如果不省略而译成“……树叶从树上落下来了,草也枯死了”,就不如上述译文简明洗练。返回搜狐,查看更多 |
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