笃学奖

Day1:词汇整理

Aristotle亚里士多德

1.lay foundations/bring the basis

2.Assert

~ oneself

behave in a confident manner that attracts attention and respect

Astronomer

a scientist who studies the stars and planets

Empirical

(of knowledge) based on observation or experiment, not on theory

Put forward

If you put forward a plan, proposal, or name, you suggest that it should be considered for a particular purpose or job. He has put forward new peace proposals

Reinforce

(fig 比喻) give more support to (sth); emphasize 给（某事物）更多的支持; 加强: reinforce sb's opinion, argument, conviction,etc 支持某人的意见﹑ 论点﹑ 信念等

Peer review 同业审查

8.Pick holes

9.Falsify

prove (sth) to be false

present (sth) falsely

Testable

testable predictions / hypotheses

Edmond Halley 哈雷（英国天文学家和数学家）

Comet

哈雷彗星 [Halley's Comet]

天文

第一颗预报出回归年份的彗星，这证明至少某些彗星是太阳系成员。1705年英国天文学家E.哈雷证明，1531、1607和1682年观察到的彗星其实是同一颗彗星，并预测该彗星将在1758年回归。后来的测算认定诺曼征服(1066)时所见并织在当时巴约挂毯上的彗星就是哈雷彗星，由公元前240年起每隔76年左右出现的彗星也是哈雷彗星。20世纪(1910、1985～1986)，它两次接近地球，很容易便观测到。其核心大小约15千米。

12.In orbit

When he watched his students fire alpha particles at gold leaf in a search for small deflections,he suggested putting the detector beside the source,and to their astonishment some of the alpha particles bounced back off the paper-thin foil.

13.Deflection

the action of making something change its direction

deflection of

the deflection of the missile away from its target

technical the degree to which the moving part on a measuring instrument moves away from zero

14.Bounce back

15.Paper-thin--extremely thin

16.Artillery shell

metal case filled with explosive, to be fired from a large gun 炮弹: The building was destroyed by an artillery shell. 这座建筑物被炮弹炸毁了.

17.Geocentric

having the earth as its centre 以地球为中心的: a geocentric view of the universe 以地球为中心的宇宙观.

Apparatus--set of instruments,etc used esp.in scientific experiments

Vacuum pump

Volcanic crater 火山口

19.astrolabe  [as·tro·labe || 'æstrəʊleɪb]

n.  星盘

Monopoly

sole possession or control of sth 独占; 控制:

Ground-breaking

making new discoveries; using new methods:

Anatomist

a scientist who studies anatomy

Dissection

to cut up the body of a dead animal or person in order to study it to examine something carefully in order to understand it

24.Crash down 坠落

Others, called "slab avalanches" occur when large sections of the snow pack crack off and crash down the slope.

25.quash

v [Tn]

reject (sth) (by legal procedure) as not valid; declare (sth) not to be enforceable by law

quash a verdict

* They had their sentence quashed by the appeal court judge.  put an end to (sth); suppress or crush

The rebellion was quickly quashed.

26.combustion

process of burning

27.discredit

v [Tn]

damage the good reputation of (sb/sth)

The Government was discredited by the scandal. 政府因这桩丑闻而名声败坏.

cause (sb/sth) to be disbelieved

His theories were discredited by scientists.

refuse to believe (sb/sth)

There is no reason to discredit what she says. 没理由不信她说的话.

[U] loss of reputation or respect; dishonour

Violent fans bring discredit on their teams.

[sing] ~ to sb/sth person or thing that causes loss of respect to sb/sth

He is a discredit to his family.

[U] disbelief; doubt

The findings of the report threw discredit on the protesters' claims.

28.thermodynamics

n.  热力学

29.Leap-frogging 跨越式

30.take root

a) if an idea, method, activity etc takes root, people begin to accept or believe it, or it begins to have an effect

　Economists believe that economic recovery will begin to take root next year.

b) if a plant takes root, it starts to grow where you have planted it

31.Harbor

1 [Tn] give shelter to (a criminal, etc); protect; conceal

be convicted of harbouring a wanted man

2 [Tn] keep (sth) secretly in one's mind

harbour a grudge, suspicions, thoughts of revenge, etc

32.Expressions having samilar meanings

bring sth.crash down/

overturn/quash/discredit

Day2:思维导图

Day3:总结作业

This is the first time for me to analysis an essay of science. At first,it is boring and I struggle to read it. The names of the numerous scientists and some professional scientific word confused me. However,when finished the first reading,except the professional words,I got a logical structure of this passage. It shows us the basic knowledge of science—its definition,the means of science,the steps to find it and its developing history.

The first day,I selected some unfamiliar words and look them in the dictionary. With the help of Annie’s explanation,I find that the passage is written with many small and vivid word to help readers digest it easier. It inspired me in writing. When working on a piece of writing,I should narrow down the topic and select some small and precise words to express meanings. For example,I could use“go back”instead of “date back” in some circumstance.

The second day,I drew the logical structure. Compared with Annie’s structure,mine is complicated and not that clear. The passage follows the overall-part and time order to elaborate things.The problem is to focus some tiny points and put them to the structure. Annie divided them into groups in accordance with time,and I just focus on the title. This helps me to classify things and train the logical thoughts.