天然麝香（麝香）和人造麝香的化学成分和药理活性：综述,Journal of Ethnopharmacology

天然麝香（Moschus），天然来源于雄性麝（Moschus berezovskii Flerov 、 Moschus sifanicus Przewalski或 Moschus moschiferus Linnaeus ），长期以来一直是中药（TCM）的重要组成部分，并被用作开窍、活血、和侧支引流。消肿和止痛。由于天然麝香是不可持续的资源，人造麝香被研究并应用于中药。

我们主要总结了天然和人造麝香的化学成分、药理活性和作用机制，旨在为进一步研究麝香化学成分和药理作用奠定基础。

Google Scholar、ScienceDirect、SpringerLink、CNKI、Wiley Online Library、web of science 等主流科学数据库用于以下“关键词”的搜索，以及文献追踪。文献跨越1962年至2021年，涉及汉语、英语、日语、韩语。

天然麝香中含有一些非常理想但稀缺的化合物，以及它们的生物学特性，这导致了人造麝香的发展。本文对天然和人造麝香的化学成分、药理活性和作用机制进行了总结和比较。多肽和蛋白质、麝香酮、麝香内酯、类固醇、麝香吡啶和麝香的其他化学成分对炎症、免疫系统疾病、神经系统疾病、心血管系统疾病等具有重要的治疗作用。作用机制有助于对介质、受体和相关信号通路的影响。

天然和人造麝香中发现了一些活性化合物，并显示出极好的药理作用。同时，以上天然麝香和人造麝香两方面都应得到进一步研究。

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Ethnopharmacological relevance

Natural musk (Moschus), derived naturally from male musk deer (Moschus berezovskii Flerov, Moschus sifanicus Przewalski, or Moschus moschiferus Linnaeus), has long been an important component of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and was used as resuscitation, blood circulation, and collateral drainage. detumescence and pain relief. Artificial musk was researched and applied into TCM as natural musk being as unsustainable resources.

We mainly summarized chemical compositions, pharmacological activities and mechanism of action of natural and artificial musk, and designed to serve as a foundation for further research into musk chemical compositions and pharmacological effect.

Those mainstream scientific databases including Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, CNKI, Wiley Online Library, web of science, were used for searching with below “Keywords”, as well as literature-tracking. Literatures spanned 1962 to 2021, and involved into Chinese, English, Janpanese, Korean.

Natural musk contains some very desirable but scarce compounds, as well as their biological features, which led to the development of artificial musk. The chemical ingredients, pharmacological activities, and mechanisms of action of natural and artificial musk are summarized and compared in this paper. Polypeptide and protein, muscone, musclide, steroids, muscopyridine, and other chemical constituents of musk demonstrated important therapeutic properties against inflammation, immune system disorders, neurological disorders, cardiovascular system disorders, and so on. The mechanism of action contributed to effect on mediators, acceptors and relative signal pathways.

Natural and artificial musk were revealed having some activated compounds, and showed excellent pharmacological effect. Meantime, above two sides of natural and artificial musk ought to get further research.