“内卷”和“躺平” 英语怎么说？

躺平：lie down/lying flat

“躺平”(lie flat/be a couch potato)指人在面对压力时，内心再无波澜，主动放弃，不做任何反抗(surrender under pressure and give up fighting)。“躺平"更像是年轻人的一种解压和调整方式，是改变不了环境便改变心态的自我解脱。短暂"躺平"是为了积聚能量，更好地重新出发(lying flat for now is not giv-ing up, but saving energy for a new journey)。

“躺平”用英语直译便是lie down或lying flat，但由于这是一个极具中国特色的网络热词（buzzword）之一，因此也可以直接用拼音指代：tangping。

From wikipedia: Tang ping (Chinese: 躺平; pinyin: tǎng píng; lit. 'lying flat') is a lifestyle and social protest movement in China beginning in April 2021. It is a rejection of societal pressures to overwork, such as in the 996 working hour system, which is often regarded as a rat race with ever diminishing returns. Those who participate in tang ping instead choose to "lie down flat and get over the beatings"[citation needed] via a low-desire, more indifferent attitude towards life. It can be thought as the Chinese equivalent of the Hippie counter-culture movement.

From BBC News Young people in China exhausted by a culture of hard work with seemingly little reward are highlighting the need for a lifestyle change by "lying flat". The new trend, known as "tang ping", is described as an antidote to society's pressures to find jobs and perform well while working long shifts.

内卷：involution/rat race

内卷，网络流行语，原指一类文化模式达到了某种最终的形态以后，既没有办法稳定下来，也没有办法转变为新的形态，而只能不断地在内部变得更加复杂的现象  。经网络流传，很多高等学校学生用其来指代非理性的内部竞争或“被自愿”竞争。

involution 来自于动词 involve, in 源自词根 “en”，是“向内”的意思，volve来自词根 “volvere”, 是“卷”的意思，所以这个词的中文翻译可以说是非常贴切了。

rat race 这个表达很形象，就像笼子里的小白鼠一直不间歇地拼命奔跑。

国外文章的解释：

The new word “neijuan” (involution) has become popular in everyday Chinese. It refers to the fierce competition in labour markets and in the education system, and is a central part of the debate around China’s hyper-competitive culture.

In contemporary China, the term is often applied somewhat more loosely. “Involution” has been translated to neijuan (内卷) and has spread through the internet. Chinese netizens now use it to express their frustration with modern society.