中考英语说明文、应用文阅读理解常出题型及如何拿分？一篇全知道

在英语中考阅读理解中，除了记叙文文本，还有一类是非延续性文本，也就是说明文和应用文，这类文本和记叙文相比，理论层面的东西会更多，做题的思考角度也就不太一样。这类型英语阅读理解题想拿高分应该注意哪几点呢？

01

考题类型有哪些?

初步总结一下并不难发现，非延续性文本的考题类型是可以归类的，以近几年杭州英语中考真题为例，能看出其考试题型可以大致分为六类：

☑ 推理判断题

☑ 细节理解题

☑ 数字计算题

☑ 主旨大意题

☑ 标题归纳题

☑ 词义猜测题

其中数字计算题、主旨大意题、标题归纳题和词义猜测题出现的频率会稍高些。那这四种考试题型在解答时有什么技巧吗？

02

文本阅读三步法

非延续性文本这类文体的文章，首句往往是主题句，开门见山，所以阅读这类文本，可以试试三步走——

No.1 先读题，明确题目要求。观察和研究题意，做到目的明确。

No.2 读短文，定位题目信息。带着问题阅读文章，如果是客观信息题，可以在文章中找出出处；如果是主观题，则要理清句意和语境，分析思考后推断答案；如果是词意猜测题，学生应将选项带入具体的语境，反复推敲后确定答案。

No.3 答完题，复查校对答案。解答完所有题目，需要再读一遍短文，逐一检查所有答案是否有误。

方法虽然放在这里，肯定会有同学说，“道理我都懂，但文章就在眼前，具体应该如何做呢？”那就不妨以真题为例做个解题示范。

03

具体如何“阅读”？真题来“说话”

不知大家对2015年杭州英语中考的C篇阅读是否有印象，它就是一篇典型的说明文：

2015年杭州英语中考阅读理解C篇

Are you shy? If you are, you are not alone. In fact, close to 50 percent of people are shy. Almost 80 percent of people feel shy at some point on their lives. These days, shyness is becoming more and more common. Now scientists are trying to understand shyness. They have some interesting ideas about why people are shy.

Is it possible to be born shy? Many scientists say yes. They say 15 to 20 percent babies behave shyly. These babies are a little quieter and more watchful than other babies. Interestingly, these shy babies usually have shy parents. As a result, scientists think that some shyness is gengtic .

Family size might cause people to be shy as well. Scientists at Harvard University studied shy children. They found that 66 percent of them had older brothers and sisters. The scientists said that these children were often bullied (欺负) by their older brothers and sisters. As a result, they became shy. At the same time, children with no brother and sister may be shy as well. Growing up alone, they often play by themselves. They are not able to learn the same social skills as children from big families.

You may also be shy because of where you were born. When scientists studied shyness in different countries, they found surprising differences. In Japan, most people said they were shy. But in Israel, only one of three people said so. What explains the difference? One scientist says the Japanese and Israel have different opinions of failure. In Japan, when people do not succeed, they feel bad about themselves. They blame (责备) themselves for their failure. In Israel, the opposite is true. Israelis often blame failure on outside reasons, such as family, teachers, friends or bad luck. In Israel, freedom of opinion and risk taking are strongly supported. This may be why Israelis worry less about failure and are less shy.

For shy people, it can be difficult to make friends, speak in class, and even get a good job. But scientists say you can get over your shyness. They suggest trying new things and practicing conversations. And don't forget—if you are shy, you are not the only one.

通读全文，可以归纳出全文介绍了害羞的原因和克服害羞的方法。科学家对害羞的原因有不同的理解。认为遗传因素、家庭人数和出生地是影响害羞的主要原因。同时可以通过尝试新事物、联系对话等形式克服害羞。

来看一下具体题目：

50. What is the passage mainly about?（ ）

A. Happiness. B. Shyness. C. Kindness. D. loneliness.

很明显，这是一道主旨题，全文都在讨论“害羞”的现象、成因和相关建议。只要看到文章的第一句“Are you shy? If you are, you are not alone.”就能找到答案。

51. What does the underlined word “genetic”in paragraph 2 probably mean? ( )

A. Passed down from parents. C. Taught by teachers.

B. Learned from friends. D. Made up by brothers.

本题属于词义猜测题，这类题目要借助语境去猜测，关键句在于“ Interestingly, these shy babies usually have shy parents. As a result, scientists think that some shyness is genetic .”便可知此题选A。

52.The auther mentions ( ) intesting ideas about why people are shy.

A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4

本题为数字计算题，通读全文可知第2.3.4段分别写了人们会害羞的三点原因，故选C。

53.What's the best title of the passage?( )

A. Why are you shy? C.Drive away shyness.

B. Are you shy? D.Don't be shy.

本题为标题归纳题，必须对整篇文章有整体正确理解才能得出答案。本文只要介绍的就是人们为什么会害羞的原因，故选A。

04

阅读技巧归纳

通过以上真题讲解，相信你也明白在做数字计算题、主旨大意题、标题归纳题和词义猜测题最关键的是什么了。这里来简单总结一下：

主旨题☟

从文章的首尾句寻找主题句或纵观全文归纳出文章主要意思。

词义猜测题☟

常用的猜词技巧有：根据上下文猜测词义；通过反义词或同义词来猜测词义；通过构词法来猜测词义；根据转折、因果关系来猜测词义；根据生活常识来猜测词义等。对于这类题目也可以采取代入法，将备选答案逐一代入文章中，选出能使文章通顺、连贯，且与上下文一致的选项。

数字计算题☟

理清有关数字之间的关系，列出数学等式。或者结合文章细节，根据题目要求数出要计数的部分。

标题归纳题☟

要从整体上理解文章结构，并注意以下几点：

a.一切以原文为依据，不掺杂个人意见

b.不仅要考虑正确还要考虑最适合本篇文章的

c.太过绝对化的一般不选

d.答案要避免以点带面，以偏概全

以上几点小技巧都记住了吗？赶快找到真题实践一下吧~

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