新课标理念解读（5）

教学主张

在英语教育教学活动中，语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力的培养应相互穿插渗透。其中，语言能力是英语学科核心素养之基础，教师应通过大量教学活动来培养学生的语言能力。无论是在阅读教学、听力训练、词汇教学、口语练习、语法学习中，还是在写作训练中，都应该为学生创造具有一定主题语境的语篇学习环境，指导学生在语篇中学习，培养他们的语言能力。

01

主题环境下以语篇为载体的英语听说教学

听力教学是英语教学的基础，是最好的语言输入环节之一。为了更好地开展英语听力教学活动，培养学生捕捉关键信息和重要信息的能力，设计主题语境下以语篇为载体的听力活动是非常必要的。有了切合时代性和生活性的主题，学生会更愿意去听。语篇内容的难度应略低于阅读材料，但内容要完整、新颖、有趣味。

每次听力活动只解决一到两个问题。譬如，语篇主题可以是介绍一个班级组成情况的，教师根据短文内容设置一些有关考查数字的问题。这样学生就会联想到自己的班级，根据上下文语境听辨相关数字。继而，根据所听到的信息进行口语训练，把关键信息说出来，与自己所在的班级进行比较。

02

主题环境下 以语篇为载体的词汇教学

词汇是语言学习的基础，词语辨析是英语学习的难点，我们不能孤立地学单词，而需要以语篇为载体，在语境中学习词汇、辨析词义。譬如，我们可以设置这样的语篇，让学生充分理解并轻松愉快地记住相关“恋爱”主题的一些短语。

Some years ago, a young man fell in love with a girl at the first sight at a party and he expressed his intention just at that time. But at first, the girl felt surprised and embarrassed. Later they were in love with each other. And the girl’s parents decided to marry their daughter to him. So the young man was engaged to her. Two months later, they got married. However, after he was married to her for 2 years, the young man didn’t go to work and idled from morning till night. He was advised to cheer up several times without success. Therefore, the young lady deserted him and divorced from him. Fortunately, she married a fortune at last and lived happily.

我们还可以设置 “警察叔叔真辛苦” 的主题语境在语篇中学习 sharp 的一词多义：

At 7 o’clock sharp (整) every morning, policemen are standing in the sharp (刺骨的) wind at the sharp (急转弯的) turns, directing traffic with their sharp (敏锐的) eyes and sharp (敏锐的) action. However, they have to put up with sharp (刻薄的) remarks from the drivers with their sharp (伶牙俐齿的) tongues.

03

主题环境下 以语篇为载体的语法教学

语法是英语教学的一个难点，我们不能就语法而讲语法，而要借助有主题语境的语篇进行语言理解，再归纳学习语法结构。这样，学生就不会惧怕语法，他们会觉得语法是帮助他们学习英语的工具，学习就会变得容易、便捷。譬如，我们可以设置下面的语篇，使学生在真实语境中学习定语从句。

I’m an English teacher from a high school which is located in the east of Lanzhou. There are 45 students in my class, whose parents are all farmers. My class number is Class 3, whose name is Pearl. It is a good class where every student studies very hard. Zhang Jinfeng is monitor of the class, who was elected by her classmates. She is a friendly student whom her classmates like and trust very much. And she is one of the students who are interested in and good at English but Jin Long is the only one of them who has an iPhone X.

教师根据学生对文章的理解，组织大家总结一些规律，议论一些问题，再引导学生学习定语从句，并给出另外一些例句加深理解和巩固，让学生仿造并牢固掌握。

我们还可以设置这样的语篇，让学生在阅读语篇的同时学习同位语从句，有了语境，学生就更容易理解同位语从句，从而更好地掌握并迁移使用。

Dolly the sheep became a scientific breakthrough when the news that she had been born was announced in 1977. However, the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists. On 14th February 2003 scientists made the decision that Dolly should be put to sleep. Dolly’s death, like her birth, was bound to raise worries. The fact that Dolly died when she was quite young disappointed people all over the world. Scientists hold the belief that cloning may lead to many scientific breakthroughs and medical treatments. But now the question comes to their minds whether she died because she was a clone. Besides, there is also a fierce debate over the question whether human cloning experiments should be allowed. Scientists believe human cloning is just a matter of time but the assumption that human clones have already been born hasn’t been proved yet.

04

主题环境下 以语篇为载体的写作教学

英语写作是输出的一个重要环节，也是最能体现语言运用能力的一种方式，但刚开始学生往往不知道如何写。如果教师设置一些语篇，让学生在理解的基础上，针对某一点展开讨论，然后写出自己的想法，或者续写，学生就会有话可说。我们可以设置如下语篇供学生阅读后写作。

As is known to us all, with the improvement of people’s living standards, cars have become a popular means of transportation, bringing great convenience to our daily life. However, they have also caused some problems such as air pollution and traffic jams. Some people use cars too much. Wherever they go, they will drive their cars, even if it is not very far between the two places, which therefore makes the air polluted and sometimes it is dangerous for people to cross the street. What’s more, too many cars will cause traffic jams and even car accidents. As a result, they will be late for work or appointments and they cannot benefit from their cars. Do you have any good ideas to solve this problem?

学生阅读文章后，先要求他们进行简单讨论，然后写一篇演讲稿，谈谈如何解决这一问题。这时学生就会简单叙述汽车带来的危害，然后会谈到骑自行车或者乘坐公共交通以及步行等的好处，然后完成作文。

三

结语

学生对主题语境和语篇理解的深度，直接影响思维发展水平和语言学习成效。因此，英语课程应把对主题意义的探究视为教与学的核心任务，并以此整合学习内容，引领语言能力、文化意识、思维品质、学习能力的融合发展。

教师要通过创设与主题意义密切相关的语境，充分挖掘特定主题所承载的文化信息，发展学生思维品质。基于对主题意义的探究，以解决问题为目的，整合语言知识和语言技能的学习，将特定主题与学生的生活建立密切关联，鼓励学生学习和运用语言，开展对语言、意义和文化内涵的探究。

在主题探究活动的设计上，要注意激发学生参与活动的兴趣，调动学生已有的、基于该主题的经验，帮助学生建构和完善新的知识结构，深化对主题的理解和认识。通过一系列具有综合性、关联性特点的语言学习和思维活动，培养学生语言理解和表达的能力，推动学生对主题的深度学习，帮助他们建构新概念，体验不同的生活，丰富人生阅历和思维方式，树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观，实现知行合一。

来源 | 《教育文摘周报》

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