牛顿的英文介绍

艾萨克·牛顿是英国伟大的数学家、物理学家、天文学家和自然哲学家，其研究领域包括了物理学、数学、天文学、神学、自然哲学和炼金术。下面小编为大家整理的牛顿的英文介绍，希望对大家有用!

牛顿的英文介绍

Sir Isaac Newton was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian.

His monograph Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, published in 1687, lays the foundations for most of classical mechanics and is one of the most important scientific books ever written. In this work, Newton described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion, which dominated the scientific view of the physical universe for the next three centuries. Newton showed that the motions of objects on Earth and of celestial bodies are governed by the same set of natural laws, by demonstrating the consistency between Kepler’s laws of planetary motion and his theory of gravitation; thus removing the last doubts about heliocentrism and advancing the Scientific Revolution.

Newton built the first practical reflecting telescope and developed a theory of colour based on the observation that a prism decomposes white light into the many colours that form the visible spectrum. He also formulated an empirical law of cooling and studied the speed of sound.

In mathematics, Newton shares the credit with Gottfried Leibniz for the development of differential and integral calculus. He also demonstrated the generalised binomial theorem, developed Newton’s method for approximating the roots of a function, and contributed to the study of power series.

Newton was also highly religious. He was an unorthodox Christian, and wrote more on Biblical hermeneutics and occult studies than on science and mathematics, the subjects he is mainly associated with. Newton secretly rejected Trinitarianism, fearing to be accused of refusing holy orders.

牛顿的研究领域非常广泛，他除了在数学、光学、力学等方面作出卓越贡献外，他还花费大量精力进行化学实验。他常常六个星期一直留在实验室里，不分昼夜地工作。他在化学上花费的时间并不少，却几乎没有取得什么显著的成就。为什么同样一个伟大的牛顿，在不同的领域取得的成就竟那么不一样呢?其中一个原因就是各个学科处在不同的发展阶段。在力学和天文学方面，有伽利略、开普勒、惠更斯等人的努力，牛顿有可能用已经准备好的材料，建立起一座宏伟壮丽的力学大厦。正像他自己所说的那样“如果说我看得远，那是因为我站在巨人的肩上”。而在化学方面，因为正确的道路还没有开辟出来，牛顿没法走到可以砍伐材料的地方。

牛顿在临终前对自己的生活道路是这样总结的：“我不知道在别人看来，我是什么样的人，但在我自己看来，我不过就像是一个在海滨玩耍的小孩，为不时发现比寻常更为光滑的一块卵石或比寻常更为美丽的一片贝壳而沾沾自喜，而对于展现在我面前的浩瀚的真理的海洋，却全然没有发现。”