手工搭建LNMP环境（CentOS 7.2 PHP7.0）

本文主要介绍了在天翼云上如何使用弹性云主机的Linux实例手工搭建LNMP平台的web环境。该指导具体操作以CentOS 7.2 64位操作系统为例。

Linux实例手工部署LNMP环境具体操作步骤如下：

1.安装nginx。

2.安装MySQL。

3.安装PHP。

4.浏览器访问测试。

1.弹性云主机已绑定弹性公网IP。

2.弹性云主机所在安全组添加了如下表所示的安全组规则，具体步骤参见为安全组添加安全组规则。

表 安全组规则

a.登录弹性云主机。

b.执行以下命令，下载对应当前系统版本的nginx包。

wget http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm

c.执行以下命令，建立Nginx的yum仓库。

rpm -ivh nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm

d.执行以下命令，安装Nginx。

yum -y install nginx

e.执行以下命令，启动Nginx并设置开机启动。

systemctl start nginx

systemctl enable nginx

f.查看启动状态。

systemctl status nginx.service

g.使用浏览器访问“http://服务器IP地址”，显示如下页面，说明nginx安装成功。

图 测试访问nginx

a.依次执行以下命令，安装MySQL。

wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

yum -y install mysql-community-server --nogpgcheck

b.依次执行以下命令，启动MySQL服务并设置开机自启动。

systemctl start mysqld

systemctl enable mysqld

c.查看MySQL运行状态。

systemctl status mysqld.service

[root@ecs-adc3 ~]# systemctl status mysqld.service

● mysqld.service - MySQL Server

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)

Active: active (running) since Mon 2021-08-16 19:33:40 CST; 36s ago

Docs: man:mysqld(8)

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html

Main PID: 7916 (mysqld)

CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service

└─7916 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

Aug 16 19:33:35 ecs-adc3 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...

Aug 16 19:33:40 ecs-adc3 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

d.执行以下命令，获取安装MySQL时自动设置的root用户密码。

grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

回显如下类似信息。

2018-08-29T07:27:37.541944Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 2YY?3uHUA?Ys

e.执行以下命令，并按照回显提示信息进行操作，加固MySQL。

mysql_secure_installation

Securing the MySQL server deployment.

Enter password for user root:    #输入上一步骤中获取的安装MySQL时自动设置的root用户密码

The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password.

New password:  #设置新的root用户密码

Re-enter new password:   #再次输入密码

The 'validate_password' plugin is installed on the server.

The subsequent steps will run with the existing configuration of the plugin.

Using existing password for root.

Estimated strength of the password: 100

Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N   #是否更改root用户密码，输入N

... skipping.

By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,

allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have

a user account created for them. This is intended only for

testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.

You should remove them before moving into a production

environment.

Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y   #是否删除匿名用户，输入Y

Success.

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y   #禁止root远程登录，输入Y

Success.

By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y   #是否删除test库和对它的访问权限，输入Y

Success.

Success.

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes

made so far will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y   #是否重新加载授权表，输入Y

Success.

All done!

a.依次执行以下命令，安装PHP 7和一些所需的PHP扩展。

rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/epel-release.rpm

rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm

yum -y install php70w-tidy php70w-common php70w-devel php70w-pdo php70w-mysql php70w-gd php70w-ldap php70w-mbstring php70w-mcrypt php70w-fpm

b.执行以下命令，验证PHP的安装版本。

php -v

回显如下类似信息：

PHP 7.0.31 (cli) (built: Jul 20 2018 08:55:22) ( NTS )

Copyright (c) 1997-2017 The PHP Group

Zend Engine v3.0.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2017 Zend Technologies

c.执行以下命令，启动PHP服务并设置开机自启动。

systemctl start php-fpm

systemctl enable php-fpm

d.修改Nginx配置文件以支持PHP。

1.执行以下命令打开配置文件/etc/nginx/nginx.conf。

vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

图 nginx.conf

从nginx.conf可以看出，配置文件定向至/etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf。

2.输入:quit退出nginx.conf。

3.执行以下命令打开配置文件/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf。

vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

4.按i键进入编辑模式。

5.修改打开的“default.conf”文件。

找到server段落，修改或添加下列配置信息。

图 修改后截图

6.按Esc键退出编辑模式，并输入:wq保存后退出。

e.执行以下命令，重新载入nginx的配置文件。

service nginx reload

a.在/usr/share/nginx/html/目录下创建“info.php”的测试页面。

1.执行以下命令创建并打开“info.php”的测试文件。

vim /usr/share/nginx/html/info.php

2.按i键进入编辑模式。

3.修改打开的“info.php”文件，将如下内容写入文件。

4.按Esc键退出编辑模式，并输入:wq保存后退出。

b.使用浏览器访问“http://服务器IP地址/info.php”，显示如下页面，说明环境搭建成功。