大学英语（第二册）复习（原文及全文翻译）

A famous surgeon tells about the importance of self-confidence from his own experience.

The Making of a Surgeon

How does a doctor recognize the point in time when he is finally a "surgeon"? As my year as chief resident drew to a close I asked myself this question on more than one occasion.

The answer, I concluded, was self-confidence. When you can say to yourself, "There is no surgical patient I cannot treat competently, treat just as well as or better than any other surgeon" - then, and not until then, you are indeed a surgeon. I was nearing that point.

Take, for example, the emergency situations that we encountered almost every night. The first few months of the year I had dreaded the ringing of the telephone. I knew it meant another critical decision to be made. Often, after I had told Walt or Larry what to do in a particular situation, I'd have trouble getting back to sleep. I'd review all the facts of the case and, not infrequently, wonder if I hadn't made a poor decision. More than once at two or three in the morning, after lying awake for an hour, I'd get out of bed, dress and drive to the hospital to see the patient myself. It was the only way I could find the peace of mind I needed to relax.

Now, in the last month of my residency, sleeping was no longer a problem. There were still situations in which I couldn't be certain my decision had been the right one, but I had learned to accept this as a constant problem for a surgeon, one that could never be completely resolved - and I could live with it. So, once I had made a considered decision, I no longer dwelt on it. Reviewing it wasn't going to help and I knew that with my knowledge and experience, any decision I'd made was bound to be a sound one. It was a nice feeling.

In the operating room I was equally confident. I knew I had the knowledge, the skill, the experience to handle any surgical situation I'd ever encounter in practice. There were no more butterflies in my stomach when I opened up an abdomen or a chest. I knew that even if the case was one in which it was impossible to anticipate the problem in advance, I could handle whatever l found. I'd sweated through my share of stab wounds of the belly, of punctured lungs, of compound fractures. I had sweated over them for five years. I didn't need to sweat any more.

Nor was I afraid of making mistakes. I knew that when I was out in practice I would inevitably err at one time or another and operate on someone who didn't need surgery or sit on someone who did. Five years earlier - even one year earlier - I wouldn't have been able to live with myself if I had had to take sole responsibility for a mistake in judgment. Now I could. I still dreaded errors - would do my best to avoid them -- but I knew they were part of a surgeon's life. I could accept this fact with calmness because I knew that if I wasn't able to avoid a mistake, chances were that no other surgeon could have, either.

This all sounds conceited and I guess it is - but a surgeon needs conceit. He needs it to encourage him in trying moments when he's bothered by the doubts and uncertainties that are part of the practice of medicine. He has to feel that he's as good as and probably better than any other surgeon in the world. Call it conceit - call it self-confidence; whatever it was, I had it.

一位著名的外科医生以自己的亲身经历来谈自信的重要性。

外科医师的成功之道

诺兰医生

一个医生怎样辨认自己终于成了一名“外科医师”的那一时刻呢？在我任住院主任医师的那一年快要结束的时候，我曾不止一次地问过自己这个问题。

我最后认定，问题的答案在于“自信”二字。当你能够对自己说：“任何外科病人我都能胜任进行治疗，我的治疗跟其他外科医生一样高明，甚至比任何外科医生都更为高明”——那时，而且只有到了那时，你才真正成了一名外科医师。当时我正接近那个时刻。

就以我们几乎每晚都会碰到的急诊情况为例吧。在那一年的最初几个月，我一直害怕听到电话铃响。我知道电话铃声意味着又要作出一个生死攸关的决定。事情往往是这样：在我告诉沃尔特或拉里对于某一特殊情况应如何处理之后，我就很难再重新入睡了。我会重温那位急诊病人的整个病情，常常会怀疑自己是否作出了不妥的决定。不止一次，在我躺了一个小时还睡不着之后，我会在凌晨两三点钟从床上跳起来，穿好衣服，驾车去医院亲自探视病人。唯有这样我才能找到安心休息所需要的内心平静。

然而，在我做住院医生的最后一个月，睡眠已不再是个问题了。在有些情况下我仍然不能确定自己的决定是否正确，但我已学会把这看作一个外科医师经常会遇到的问题，一个永远也不能完全解决的问题——我已能适应它了。所以，我一旦经过深思熟虑作出某个决定，就不再去多想它了。多想也不会有什么帮助，而且我知道，凭我的知识和经验，我作出的任何决定肯定都是稳妥的。这是一种令人愉快的感觉。

在手术室里我也同样充满信心。我知道自己的知识、技术和经验足以对付我在开业行医中将会碰到的任何外科病例。当我切开病人的腹部或胸腔时，我不再紧张得瑟瑟发抖了。我知道，即使碰上事先无法预见其问题所在的病例，我也能处置我发现的任何情况。我战战兢兢地治疗过交在我手下的腹部刺伤、肺部穿孔以及复合性骨折等病例。这类外科手术我已经战战兢競地干了五年。我再也不必担惊受怕了。

而且，我也不再怕犯错误了。我知道在我出去开业行医时，说不定什么时候我就会不可避免地出差错；我会给不需要手术治疗的病人开刀，也可能会把需要动手术的病人忽略过去。五年前——甚至一年前——如果我不得不为一次判断上的失误负全部责任的话，我是没法容忍自己的。现在我能了。我仍然害怕犯错误——愿意竭尽全力避免出错——但我知道这是外科医师生活的一部分。我之所以能够平静地接受这一事实，是因为我知道：如果我不能避免出差错，那么换了任何别的外科医生很可能也不能避免。

这些话听上去很自负，而且我以为这的确是自负——但外科医师就是需要这种自负。当他受到行医中必定会遇到的重重疑虑的煎熬时，他需要“自负”来支撑自己度过这些难受的时刻。他必须觉得，他与世上任何一位外科医生相比都毫不逊色，甚至还技高一筹。你管这叫自负也好，叫自信也罢；不管你叫它什么，反正我是有了。

参考资料：

1. http://www.kekenet.com/menu/200602/3920.shtml

2. http://www.kekenet.com/daxue/201611/477146.shtml