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陈光宇 周春莲 (复旦大学《数学年刊》编辑部上海 200433) 连字符"-"(半字线)的用法,在文献[1][2][3]中有较详细的说明。但在一些高校学报和科技期刊中的英文目次、总目次和文后参考文献中的英文刊名、标题、书名的首字母用大写的情况下,当出现连字符"-"时,其后的实词(如名、代、形、数、动、副等词,都为有实义的词,称为实词;如介、冠、连接、感叹等词,都为无实义的词,称为虚词,即非实词。见文献[4,p.12] 的首字母,如"姓名-姓名"、"实词-实词"、"数学符号-实词"、"前缀-实词"等,有的均用大写表示,有的均用小写表示,很不统一。目前国家标准对此没有专门的规定。现查阅了国外的部分科技期刊,并根据自身编辑工作的实践,对连字符"-"后实词的首字母大小写,提出如下的一些意见和例子。 1 "姓名-姓名"或"专有名词-专有名词" 前后首字母均用大写 例:Riesz-Bessel Transformations; Riemann-Roch Theorem; Hardy-Lorentz Spaceo 2 "实词-实词" 前后首字母均用大写 例:Intitial-Boundary Value Problem; Wave-Vector Spaces; Star-Shaped Domain。 3 "数学符号-实词" 符号的大小写按有关规定,实词首字母用大写 例:α-Fuzzy, α-Zero; LP-Space; C*-Algebra; γ-Mixing Sequences; τ-Topologyo 4 "数字-实词" 英文数字首字母与实词首字母用大写 例: 2-Dimentional Spaces; Two-Dimentional Spaces 4-Manifolds; Four-Manifolds; 3-Spheres; Three-Spheres 5 "前缀-专有名字" 首字母均用大写 例: Co-Artinian Ring Pre-Hilbert Space; Hyper-Lie Algebra。 6 "前缀-实词" 首字母用小写,如 例:(1) Anti(反)-symmmetric; Anti-isomorphism; Anti-genus; (2) Arch(主要的)-enemy; Arch-reactionary; (3) Auto(自)-correlation Function; Auto-morphic Function; (4) Bi(双)-linear; Bi-invariant Operator; Bi-comoduIe; (5) By(在旁)-product; By-election; (6) Co(上,共,余)-algebraic; Co-axial; Co-ring; Co-variation; (7) Counter(反)-example; Counter-measure; Counter-clockwise; (8) De(除去,否定)-composition Group; (9) Dis(不争否定)-connecting Set; Dis-continuity; (10) En(使成为)-domprphism; En-Iargement; (11) Ex(前)一president; (12) Extra(夕卡)-polated Method; Extra-polation; (13) For(前,预)-ward Equation; Fore(前,预)-Fore-casting Function; (14) Hydro(水)-Hydro-electric; (15) Hyper(超)-algebra; Hyper-plane; Hyper-function; Hyper-cone; (16) Hypo(次,亚)-function;" Hypo-elliptic; (17) In(不,非)-definite; In-complete; Ir(不,非)-rationa Number; Ir-regular Point; (18) Inter(内,交叉)-iteration; Inter-polation Method; (19) Intra(内)-group; Intra…mutation; (20) Macro(大,宏)-sphere; Macro-grap; (21) Meta(超,偏,亚)-stable; Meta-system; Meta-harmonic Equation; (22) Micro(微,小)-local Analysis; Micro-hypoelipticity; Micro-second; (23) Mid(中)-point Method; Mid-value; (24) Mini(极小)-cut AIgorthm; Mini-max Theorem; (2日 Mis(误)-interpretation; (26) Mono(单)-subcategory; (27) Multi(多)-analysis; Multi-harmonic Function; (28) Neo(新,近)-category; Neo-field; Neo-computation Element; (29) Non(非)-linear; Non-smooth Domain; (30) Over(超,上)-determined Equation; Over-crossing Point; (31) Poly(多)-cylinder; Poly一axis; (32) Post(过争后)-editor; Post-operator; (33) Pre(预先,前,准)-group; Pre-space; Pre-editor; (34) Pro(前)-algebraic Group; Pro-finite Group; (35) Pseudo(伪,假,拟)-conformal Mapping; Pseudo-differential Equation; (36) Quasi(拟,伪)-linear; Quasi-invariant Subspaces; (37) Re(重,再)-write; Re-combination; (38) Self( 自)-similar Set; Self-adjoint Operator; (39) Semi(半)-linear; Semi-continuity; Semi-group; (40) Sub(子,下,次,亚)-definite; Sub-biharmonic; Sub-semigroup; (41) Super(超,上)-ring; Super-relaxation; Super-harmonic Function; (42) Tele(远)-graph Equation; (43) Trans(转移)-finite Function; Trans-format Problem; (44) Tri(三)-angle; Tri-nomial; (45) Ultra(超)-convergence; Ultra-hyperbolic Equation; Ultra-limit; "的 Uni(单,一)-variate Spline; Uni-variable Series; (47) Un(不誓元,相反)-countable Set; Un-conditional Convergence; (48) Under(在下,次于)-determinant; Under-determined System; (49) Vice(副)-Chairman(副主席); Vice-Premier(副总理)。 注:当前缀与名词、动词、形容词或副词构成复合词均连写时,连字符可以取消(当与专 有名词、大写词、数字或缩略词连接时除外),详见文[3] 。 7 "实词-非实词" 非实词用小写 倒:Editor-in-Chief(主编);Father-in-Law(岳父)。 参考文献 [1] GB/T 15834-1995标点符号用法 [2] 陈浩元主编.科技书刊标准化18 讲.北京:北京师范大学出版社.1998. [3] 宋双明.英文论文写作中如何正确使用连字符.中国科技期刊研究, 2004:745-746 [4] 薄冰等编.英语语法手册(修订本).上海:上海商务印书馆.1978. |
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