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Newspapers are a critical part of the American news landscape, but they have been hit hard as more and more Americans consume news digitally. The industry’s financial fortunes and subscriber base have been in decline since the mid-2000s, and their website audience traffic has begun to decline as well. Explore the patterns and longitudinal data of U.S. newspapers below. ![]() In 2022, estimated total U.S. daily newspaper circulation (print and digital combined) was 20.9 million for both weekday and Sunday, down 8% and 10% respectively from 2021. Total estimated circulation of U.S. daily newspapers Total circulation of U.S. daily newspapers YearWeekdaySundayWeekday (estimated)Sunday (estimated)194041,132,00032,371,000 194548,384,00039,860,000 194650,928,00043,665,000 194751,673,00045,151,000 194852,285,00046,308,000 194952,846,00046,399,000 195053,829,00046,582,000 195154,018,00046,279,000 195253,951,00046,210,000 195354,472,00045,949,000 195455,072,00046,176,000 195556,147,00046,448,000 195657,102,00047,162,000 195757,805,00047,044,000 195857,418,00046,955,000 195958,300,00047,848,000 196058,882,00047,699,000 196159,261,00048,216,000 196259,849,00048,888,000 196358,905,00046,830,000 196460,412,00048,383,000 196560,358,00048,600,000 196661,397,00049,282,000 196761,561,00049,224,000 196862,535,00049,693,000 196962,060,00049,675,000 197062,108,00049,217,000 197162,231,00049,665,000 197262,510,00050,001,000 197363,147,00051,717,000 197461,877,00051,679,000 197560,655,00051,096,000 197660,977,00051,565,000 197761,495,00052,429,000 197861,990,00053,990,000 197962,223,00054,380,000 198062,202,00054,676,000 198161,431,00055,180,000 198262,487,00056,261,000 198362,645,00056,747,000 198463,340,00057,574,000 198562,766,00058,826,000 198662,502,00058,925,000 198762,826,00060,112,000 198862,695,00061,474,000 198962,649,00062,008,000 199062,328,00062,635,000 199160,687,00062,068,000 199260,164,00062,160,000 199359,812,00062,566,000 199459,305,00062,295,000 199558,193,00061,229,000 199656,983,00060,798,000 199756,728,00060,486,000 199856,182,00060,066,000 199955,979,00059,894,000 200055,773,00059,421,000 200155,578,00059,090,000 200255,186,00058,780,000 200355,185,00058,495,000 200454,626,00057,754,000 200553,345,00055,270,000 200652,329,00053,179,000 200750,742,00051,246,000 200848,597,00049,115,000 200945,653,00046,164,000 2010—— 201144,421,00048,510,000 201243,433,00044,821,000 201340,712,00043,292,000 201440,420,00042,751,000 2015 37,711,86040,955,4582016 34,657,19937,801,8882017 30,948,41933,971,6952018 28,554,13730,817,3512019 25,952,58427,389,8662020 24,299,33325,785,036202122,697,24323,351,326202220,943,02320,943,889 Download data as .csvNote: To determine totals for 2015 onward, researchers analyzed the year-over-year change in total weekday and Sunday circulation using AAM data and applied these percent changes to the previous year’s total. Only those daily U.S. newspapers that report to AAM are included. Affiliated publications are not included in the analysis. Weekday circulation only includes those publications reporting a Monday-Friday average. Comparisons are either between the three-month averages for the period ending Dec. 31 of the given year and the same period of the previous year (2015-2019), the six-month period ending Sept. 30 and the three-month period ending Sept. 30 of the previous year (2020), or the six-month period ending Sept. 30 of the given year and the same period of the previous year (2021-2022). Source: Editor & Publisher (through 2014); estimate based on Pew Research Center analysis of Alliance for Audited Media data (2015-2022). PEW RESEARCH CENTER(Note that the Alliance for Audited Media (AAM), the source of this circulation data and the group that audits the circulation figures of many of the largest North American newspapers and other publications, changed their reporting period in 2020 from a three-month period to a six-month period. Additional details about how the circulation estimate is calculated can be found in the methodological note below.) Within this total circulation figure, weekday print circulation decreased 13% and Sunday print circulation decreased 16% from the previous year. Digital circulation is more difficult to gauge. Using only the AAM data, digital circulation in 2022 is projected to have remained relatively stable. But three of the highest-circulation daily papers in the U.S. – The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal and The Washington Post – have in recent years not fully reported their digital circulation to AAM. The Times and the Journal provide data on digital subscriptions in publicly available reports, but since this is not the same as circulation and may not be counted under the same rules used by AAM, these independently produced figures cannot easily be merged with the AAM data. If these independently produced figures were included with the AAM data in both 2021 and 2022, weekday digital circulation would have risen sharply, by 22%. Estimated newspaper circulation using two different data sources Total weekday circulation of U.S. daily newspapers using data from … DateAAM onlyNYT/WSJ subscriptions plus AAM201634,657,19934,657,199201730,948,41933,291,558201828,554,13732,961,320201925,952,58432,359,455202024,299,33335,644,533202122,697,24338,216,679202220,943,02342,972,898 Download data as .csvNote: Researchers analyzed the year-over-year change in total weekday circulation using AAM data and applied these percent changes to the previous year’s total. Only those daily U.S. newspapers that report to AAM are included. Affiliated publications are not included in the analysis. Weekday circulation only includes those publications reporting a Monday-Friday average. Comparisons are either between the three-month averages for the period ending Dec. 31 of the given year and the same period of the previous year (2016-2019), the six-month period ending Sept. 30 and the three-month period ending Sept. 30 of the previous year (2020), or the six-month period ending Sept. 30 of the given year and the same period of the previous year (2021-2022). Source: Estimate based on Pew Research Center analysis of Alliance for Audited Media data and subscription data from SEC filings and audited reports. PEW RESEARCH CENTERThe addition of these figures also changes the overall picture for combined print and digital circulation. Before 2020, including these subscription numbers with the AAM circulation data would not have changed the overall circulation picture, as total circulation would still decline. From 2020 onward, however, including the Times’ and the Journal’s digital subscribers reverses the trend. In 2022, total weekday circulation would rise by 12% – not fall by 8%, as is the case when looking strictly at the AAM data. For comparison, the chart above shows estimated total weekday circulation using just the AAM data and when the digital subscriber numbers from the Times and Journal are included over the past seven years. For more details on how this affects our estimates and conclusions, read this post from 2020 on our Decoded blog. Unique visitors of newspaper websites Average monthly unique visitors to the top 50 U.S. newspapers by circulation Year (Q4)Average monthly unique visitors20148,233,54420159,709,071201611,734,536201711,527,744201811,600,124201912,149,197202013,866,542202111,119,11120228,839,848 Download data as .csvNote: For each year, the average traffic for each website for October/November/December was calculated; the data point represents the overall average of those numbers. Analysis is of the top 49 newspapers by average Sunday circulation for Q3 2015-2019 and the six-month period ending Sept. 30 for 2020 onward, according to Alliance for Audited Media data, with the addition of The Wall Street Journal. For each newspaper, the Comscore entity matching its homepage URL was analyzed. Source: Comscore Media Metrix® Multi-Platform, US, Unique Visitors, October-December 2014-2022. PEW RESEARCH CENTERGauging digital audience for the entire newspaper industry is difficult since many daily newspapers do not receive enough traffic to their websites to be measured by Comscore, the data source relied on here. Thus, the figures offered above reflect the top 50 U.S. daily newspapers based on circulation. In the fourth quarter of 2022, there were an average 8.8 million monthly unique visitors (across all devices) for these top 50 newspapers. This is down 20% from 2021, which itself was a 20% decrease from 2020. (The list of top 50 papers is based on Sunday circulation but includes The Wall Street Journal, which does not report Sunday circulation to AAM. It also includes The Washington Post and The New York Times, which make the top 50 even though they do not fully report their digital circulation to AAM. For more details and the full list of newspapers, read our methodology.) Visit duration of newspaper websites Average minutes per visit for the top 50 U.S. newspapers by circulation Year (Q4)Average minutes per visit20142.5920152.5920162.4520172.4420182.3220192.1020201.8220211.5620221.48 Download data as .csvNote: For each year, the average minutes per visit for each website for October/November/December was calculated; the data point represents the overall average of those numbers. Analysis is of the top 49 newspapers by average Sunday circulation for Q3 2015-2019 and the six-month period ending Sept. 30 for 2020 onward, according to Alliance for Audited Media data, with the addition of The Wall Street Journal. For each newspaper, the Comscore entity matching its homepage URL was analyzed. Source: Comscore Media Metrix® Multi-Platform, US, Average Minutes Per Visit, October-December 2014-2022. PEW RESEARCH CENTERAverage minutes per visit for the top 50 U.S. daily newspapers, based on circulation, was just under 1 minute and 30 seconds in Q4 2022. This represents a 43% decline from when we first began tracking this in Q4 2014, when the average minutes per visit was just over 2 minutes and 30 seconds. ![]() The total estimated advertising revenue for the newspaper industry in 2022 was $9.8 billion, based on the Center’s analysis of financial statements for publicly traded newspaper companies. This is down 5% from 2021, a slight drop. Total estimated circulation revenue was $11.6 billion, compared with $11.5 billion in 2020. Estimated advertising and circulation revenue of the newspaper industry Total revenue of U.S. newspapers (in U.S. dollars) YearAdvertising ($)Circulation ($)Advertising ($, estimated)Circulation ($, estimated)19563,223,000,0001,344,492,000 19573,268,000,0001,373,464,000 19583,176,000,0001,459,013,000 19593,526,000,0001,549,576,000 19603,681,000,0001,604,228,000 19613,601,000,0001,684,319,000 19623,659,000,0001,819,840,000 19633,780,000,0001,901,820,000 19644,120,000,0001,983,809,000 19654,426,000,0002,023,090,000 19664,865,000,0002,109,050,000 19674,910,000,0002,180,242,000 19685,232,000,0002,288,215,000 19695,714,000,0002,425,446,000 19705,704,000,0002,634,402,000 19716,167,000,0002,833,320,000 19726,939,000,0002,929,233,000 19737,481,000,0003,037,820,000 19747,842,000,0003,581,733,000 19758,234,000,0003,921,515,000 19769,618,000,0004,087,303,000 197710,751,000,0004,310,236,000 197812,213,000,0004,534,779,000 197913,863,000,0004,950,542,000 198014,794,000,0005,469,589,000 198116,527,000,0006,206,141,000 198217,694,000,0006,656,661,000 198320,581,000,0007,044,098,000 198423,522,000,0007,368,158,000 198525,170,000,0007,659,297,000 198626,990,000,0008,052,148,000 198729,412,000,0008,399,032,000 198831,197,000,0008,046,287,000 198932,368,000,0008,370,324,000 199032,280,000,000 199130,349,000,0008,697,679,000 199230,639,000,0009,163,534,000 199331,869,000,0009,193,802,000 199434,109,000,0009,443,217,000 199536,092,000,0009,720,186,000 199638,075,000,0009,969,240,000 199741,330,000,00010,065,642,000 199843,925,000,00010,266,955,000 199946,289,000,00010,472,294,000 200048,670,000,00010,540,643,000 200144,305,000,00010,783,078,000 200244,102,000,00011,025,896,000 200346,156,000,00011,224,362,000 200448,244,000,00010,988,651,000 200549,435,000,00010,746,901,000 200649,275,402,57210,548,344,000 200745,375,000,00010,294,920,096 200837,848,257,63010,086,956,940 200927,564,000,00010,066,783,026 201025,837,698,82210,049,360,689 201127,078,473,8649,989,064,525 201225,316,461,21510,448,561,493 2013 23,587,097,43510,641,662,8922014 22,077,809,95110,744,324,0612015 20,362,238,29310,870,292,7202016 18,274,943,56710,910,460,4992017 16,476,453,08411,211,011,0202018 14,346,024,18210,995,341,9202019 12,864,064,24111,016,643,1282020 9,601,389,15511,053,729,516202110,264,430,20511,524,949,56520229,760,830,02411,606,129,049 Download data as .csvSource: News Media Alliance, formerly Newspaper Association of America (through 2012); Pew Research Center analysis of year-end SEC filings of publicly traded newspaper companies (2013-2022). PEW RESEARCH CENTERIn the chart above, data through 2012 comes from the trade group formerly known as the Newspaper Association of America (NAA), now known as the News Media Alliance (NMA). Data from 2013 onward is based on the Center’s analysis of financial statements from publicly traded U.S. newspaper companies, which in 2022 numbered four and accounted for about 300 U.S. daily newspapers, from large national papers to midsize metro dailies and local papers. From 2013 onward, the year-over-year percentage change in advertising and circulation revenue for these companies is calculated and then applied to the previous year’s revenue totals as reported by the NMA/NAA. In testing this method, changes from 2006 through 2012 generally matched those as reported by the NMA/NAA; for more details, read our 2016 report. Share of newspaper advertising revenue coming from digital advertising % of newspaper companies’ advertising revenue coming from digital advertising YearAdvertising revenue coming from digital advertising201117%201219%201320%201421%201525%201629%201731%201835%201935%202039%202145%202248% Download data as .csvSource: Pew Research Center analysis of year-end SEC filings for publicly traded newspaper companies that break out digital advertising revenue for each year. PEW RESEARCH CENTERDigital advertising accounted for 48% of newspaper advertising revenue in 2022, based on this analysis of publicly traded newspaper companies. This follows a steady increase from 17% in 2011, the first year it was possible to perform this analysis. Methodological noteIn this fact sheet, circulation data through 2014 is from Editor & Publisher, which was published on the website of the News Media Alliance (NMA), known at the time as the Newspaper Association of America (NAA). The NMA no longer supplies this data, so the Center determined the year-over-year change in total circulation for those daily U.S. newspapers that report to the Alliance for Audited Media and meet certain criteria. This percentage change was then applied to the total circulation from the prior year – thus the use of the term “estimated total circulation.” This technique is also used to create the revenue estimates, using the financial statements of publicly traded newspaper companies as the data source. ![]() This fact sheet was compiled by Research Assistants Sarah Naseer and Christopher St. Aubin. Read the methodology. Pew Research Center is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts, its primary funder. This is the latest report in Pew Research Center’s ongoing investigation of the state of news, information and journalism in the digital age, a research program funded by The Pew Charitable Trusts, with generous support from the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation. Find more in-depth explorations of U.S. newspapers by following the links below: After increasing in 2020, layoffs at large U.S. newspapers and digital news sites declined in 2021, Oct. 13, 2022 News Platform Fact Sheet, Sept. 20, 2022 Local Newspapers Fact Sheet, May 26, 2022 U.S. newsroom employment has fallen 26% since 2008, July 13, 2021 A third of large U.S. newspapers experienced layoffs in 2020, more than in 2019, May 21, 2021 Coronavirus-Driven Downturn Hits Newspapers Hard as TV News Thrives, Oct. 29, 2020 Nearly 2,800 newspaper companies received paycheck protection loans, and most were under $150K, Oct. 29, 2020 Americans’ main sources for political news vary by party and age, April 1, 2020 Black and white Democrats differ in their media diets, assessments of primaries, March 11, 2020 Fast facts about the newspaper industry’s financial struggles as McClatchy files for bankruptcy, Feb. 14, 2020 U.S. Media Polarization and the 2020 Election: A Nation Divided, Jan. 24, 2020 For Local News, Americans Embrace Digital but Still Want Strong Community Connection, March 26, 2019 What are the local news dynamics in your city?, March 26, 2019 |
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