LaTeX数学符号大全

2024-07-04 09:00| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

本篇博文介绍一些常用的LaTeX符号，方便使用时查询。

文章目录 1.操作符2.关系符3.希腊字母小写大写加粗空心字母 4.箭头5.点6.上标7.其他8.命令符9.跨行或跨列的符号:换行符号 ' \\\\' 与空格符号'\quad'

1.操作符 SymbolCommandSymbolCommandSymbolCommand ± \pm ±\pm ∓ \mp ∓\mp × \times ×\times ÷ \div ÷\div ⋅ \cdot ⋅\cdot ∗ \ast ∗\ast ⋆ \star ⋆\star † \dagger †\dagger ‡ \ddagger ‡\ddagger ⨿ \amalg ⨿\amalg ∩ \cap ∩\cap ∪ \cup ∪\cup ⊎ \uplus ⊎\uplus ⊓ \sqcap ⊓\sqcap ⊔ \sqcup ⊔\sqcup ∨ \vee ∨\vee ∧ \wedge ∧\wedge ⊕ \oplus ⊕\oplus ⊖ \ominus ⊖\ominus ⊗ \otimes ⊗\otimes ∘ \circ ∘\circ ∙ \bullet ∙\bullet ⋄ \diamond ⋄\diamond ⊲ \lhd ⊲\lhd ⊳ \rhd ⊳\rhd ⊴ \unlhd ⊴\unlhd ⊵ \unrhd ⊵\unrhd ⊘ \oslash ⊘\oslash ⊙ \odot ⊙\odot ◯ \bigcirc ◯\bigcirc ◃ \triangleleft ◃\triangleleft ◊ \Diamond ◊\Diamond △ \bigtriangleup △\bigtriangleup ▽ \bigtriangledown ▽\bigtriangledown □ \Box □\Box ▹ \triangleright ▹\triangleright$\setminus $\setminus ≀ \wr ≀\wr x \sqrt{x} x \sqrt{x} x ∘ x^{\circ} x∘x^{\circ} ▽ \triangledown ▽\triangledown x n \sqrt[n]{x} nx \sqrt[n]{x} a x a^x axa^x a x y z a^{xyz} axyza^{xyz} 2.关系符 SymbolCommandSymbolCommandSymbolCommand ≤ \le ≤\le ≥ \ge ≥\ge ≠ \neq =\neq ∼ \sim ∼\sim ≪ \ll ≪\ll ≫ \gg ≫\gg ≐ \doteq ≐\doteq ≃ \simeq ≃\simeq ⊂ \subset ⊂\subset ⊃ \supset ⊃\supset ≈ \approx ≈\approx ≍ \asymp ≍\asymp ⊆ \subseteq ⊆\subseteq ⊇ \supseteq ⊇\supseteq ≅ \cong ≅\cong ⌣ \smile ⌣\smile ⊏ \sqsubset ⊏\sqsubset ⊐ \sqsupset ⊐\sqsupset ≡ \equiv ≡\equiv ⌢ \frown ⌢\frown ⊑ \sqsubseteq ⊑\sqsubseteq ⊒ \sqsupseteq ⊒\sqsupseteq ∝ \propto ∝\propto ⋈ \bowtie ⋈\bowtie ∈ \in ∈\in ∋ \ni ∋\ni ≺ \prec ≺\prec ≻ \succ ≻\succ ⊢ \vdash ⊢\vdash ⊣ \dashv ⊣\dashv ⪯ \preceq ⪯\preceq ⪰ \succeq ⪰\succeq ⊨ \models ⊨\models ⊥ \perp ⊥\perp ∥ \parallel ∥\parallel ∣ \mid ∣\mid ≏ \bumpeq ≏\bumpeq\

只要将not放在符号前面或者在 \ 和单词之间插入一个 n ，就可以形成许多这些关系的否定形式，这里有一些例子，加上一些其他的否定，它也适用于许多其他的。

SymbolCommandSymbolCommandSymbolCommand ∤ \nmid ∤\nmid ≰ \nleq ≰\nleq ≱ \ngeq ≱\ngeq ≁ \nsim ≁\nsim ≆ \ncong ≆\ncong ∦ \nparallel ∦\nparallel \not> ≠ \not= =\not= or \neq ≰ \not\le ≤\not\le ≱ \not\ge ≥\not\ge ≁ \not\sim ∼\not\sim ≉ \not \approx ≈\not\approx ≇ \not\cong ≅\not\cong ≢ \not\equiv ≡\not\equiv ∦ \not\parallel ∥\not\parallel ≮ \nless ≮\nless ≯ \ngtr ≯\ngtr ⪇ \lneq ⪇\lneq ⪈ \gneq ⪈\gneq ⋦ \lnsim ⋦\lnsim ≨ \lneqq ≨\lneqq ≩ \gneqq ≩\gneqq 3.希腊字母小写 SymbolCommandSymbolCommandSymbolCommandSymbolCommand α \alpha α\alpha β \beta β\beta γ \gamma γ\gamma δ \delta δ\delta ϵ \epsilon ϵ\epsilon ε \varepsilon ε\varepsilon ζ \zeta ζ\zeta η \eta η\eta θ \theta θ\theta ϑ \vartheta ϑ\vartheta ι \iota ι\iota κ \kappa κ\kappa λ \lambda λ\lambda μ \mu μ\mu ν \nu ν\nu ξ \xi ξ\xi π \pi π\pi ϖ \varpi ϖ\varpi ρ \rho ρ\rho ϱ \varrho ϱ\varrho σ \sigma σ\sigma ς \varsigma ς\varsigma τ \tau τ\tau υ \upsilon υ\upsilon ϕ \phi ϕ\phi φ \varphi φ\varphi χ \chi χ\chi ψ \psi ψ\psi ω \omega ω\omega 大写 SymbolCommandSymbolCommandSymbolCommandSymbolCommand Γ \Gamma Γ\Gamma Δ \Delta Δ\Delta Θ \Theta Θ\Theta Λ \Lambda Λ\Lambda Ξ \Xi Ξ\Xi Π \Pi Π\Pi Σ \Sigma Σ\Sigma Υ \Upsilon Υ\Upsilon Φ \Phi Φ\Phi Ψ \Psi Ψ\Psi Ω \Omega Ω\Omega ∇ \nabla ∇\nabla 加粗

在公式中的字母加粗：

SymbolCommand m \bold m m$ \bold m $ 空心字母 SymbolCommand M \mathbb{M} M$ \mathbb{M} $ R \mathbb{R} R$ \mathbb{R} $ 4.箭头 SymbolCommandSymbolCommand ← \gets ←\gets → \to →\to ← \leftarrow ←\leftarrow ⇐ \Leftarrow ⇐\Leftarrow → \rightarrow →\rightarrow ⇒ \Rightarrow ⇒\Rightarrow ↔ \leftrightarrow ↔\leftrightarrow ⇔ \Leftrightarrow ⇔\Leftrightarrow ↦ \mapsto ↦\mapsto ↩ \hookleftarrow ↩\hookleftarrow ↼ \leftharpoonup ↼\leftharpoonup ↽ \leftharpoondown ↽\leftharpoondown ⇌ \rightleftharpoons ⇌\rightleftharpoons ⟵ \longleftarrow ⟵\longleftarrow ⟸ \Longleftarrow ⟸\Longleftarrow ⟶ \longrightarrow ⟶\longrightarrow ⟹ \Longrightarrow ⟹\Longrightarrow ⟷ \longleftrightarrow ⟷\longleftrightarrow ⟺ \Longleftrightarrow ⟺\Longleftrightarrow ⟼ \longmapsto ⟼\longmapsto ↪ \hookrightarrow ↪\hookrightarrow ⇀ \rightharpoonup ⇀\rightharpoonup ⇁ \rightharpoondown ⇁\rightharpoondown ⇝ \leadsto ⇝\leadsto ↑ \uparrow ↑\uparrow ⇑ \Uparrow ⇑\Uparrow ↓ \downarrow ↓\downarrow ⇓ \Downarrow ⇓\Downarrow ↕ \updownarrow ↕\updownarrow ⇕ \Updownarrow ⇕\Updownarrow ↗ \nearrow ↗\nearrow ↘ \searrow ↘\searrow ↙ \swarrow ↙\swarrow ↖ \nwarrow ↖\nwarrow

(对于不喜欢键入长串字母的人，\iff和\implies可以分别替代\Longleftrightarrow和\ longrighttarrow)

5.点 SymbolCommandSymbolCommand ⋅ \cdot ⋅\cdot ⋮ \vdots ⋮\vdots … \dots …\dots ⋱ \ddots ⋱\ddots ⋯ \cdots ⋯\cdotsKaTeX parse error: Undefined control sequence: \iddots at position 1: \̲i̲d̲d̲o̲t̲s̲\iddots 6.上标 SymbolCommandSymbolCommandSymbolCommand x ^ \hat{x} x^\hat{x} x ˇ \check{x} xˇ\check{x} x ˙ \dot{x} x˙\dot{x} x ˘ \breve{x} x˘\breve{x} x ˊ \acute{x} xˊ\acute{x} x ¨ \ddot{x} x¨\ddot{x} x ˋ \grave{x} xˋ\grave{x} x ~ \tilde{x} x~\tilde{x} x ˚ \mathring{x} x˚\mathring{x} x ˉ \bar{x} xˉ\bar{x} x ⃗ \vec{x} x \vec{x}

当对i和j应用上标时，可以使用\imath和\jmath来防止点干扰上标:

SymbolCommandSymbolCommand ȷ ⃗ \vec{\jmath} ȷ \vec{\jmath} ı ~ \tilde{\imath} ı~\tilde{\imath}

\tilde和\hat有很宽的版本，可以让你强调一个表达:

SymbolCommandSymbolCommand 7 + x ^ \widehat{7+x} 7+x \widehat{7+x} a b c ~ \widetilde{abc} abc \widetilde{abc} 7.其他 SymbolCommandSymbolCommandSymbolCommand ∞ \infty ∞\infty △ \triangle △\triangle ∠ \angle ∠\angle ℵ \aleph ℵ\aleph ℏ \hbar ℏ\hbar ı \imath ı\imath ȷ \jmath ȷ\jmath ℓ \ell ℓ\ell ℘ \wp ℘\wp ℜ \Re ℜ\Re ℑ \Im ℑ\Im ℧ \mho ℧\mho ′ \prime ′\prime ∅ \emptyset ∅\emptyset ∇ \nabla ∇\nabla √ \surd √\surd ∂ \partial ∂\partial ⊤ \top ⊤\top ⊥ \bot ⊥\bot ⊢ \vdash ⊢\vdash ⊣ \dashv ⊣\dashv ∀ \forall ∀\forall ∃ \exists ∃\exists ¬ \neg ¬\neg ♭ \flat ♭\flat ♮ \natural ♮\natural ♯ \sharp ♯\sharp \ \backslash \\backslash □ \Box □\Box ◊ \Diamond ◊\Diamond ♣ \clubsuit ♣\clubsuit ♢ \diamondsuit ♢\diamondsuit ♡ \heartsuit ♡\heartsuit ♠ \spadesuit ♠\spadesuit ⋈ \Join ⋈\Join ■ \blacksquare ■\blacksquare ✓ \checkmark ✓\checkmark R \mathbb{R} R\mathbb{R} © \copyright c◯\copyright £ \pounds £\pounds □ \square □\square ∪ \cup ∪\cup ★ \bigstar ★\bigstar ∈ \in ∈\in 8.命令符

有些符号用于命令中，因此需要以特殊的方式处理它们。

SymbolCommandSymbolCommandSymbolCommandSymbolCommand \ \backslash \\backslash & \& &\& % \% %\% # \# #\# _ \_ _\_ { \{ {\{ } \} }\}

您可能会注意到，如果使用其中任何一个来排版垂直较大的表达式，比如

(\frac{a}{x} )^2 得到的表达式的括号的大小不对 ( a x ) 2 (\frac{a} {x} )^2 (xa)2

如果我们把\left和\right放在相关的括号前，我们会得到一个更漂亮的表达式: \left(\frac{a}{x} \right)^2 会得到 ( a x ) 2 \left(\frac{a}{x} \right)^2 (xa)2

9.跨行或跨列的符号: symbolcommand { x + y = 3 2 x + y = 5 \left\{\begin{array}{l}x+y=3\\2x+y=5\end{array}\right. {x+y=32x+y=5\left{\begin{array}{l}x+y=3\2x+y=5\end{array}\right. ⌈ x y ⌉ \left\lceil\frac{x}{y}\right\rceil ⌈yx⌉\left\lceil\frac{x}{y}\right\rceil ⌊ x y ⌋ \left\lfloor\frac{x}{y}\right\rfloor ⌊yx⌋\left\lfloor\frac{x}{y}\right\rfloor a 0 + a 1 + a 2 + ⋯ + a n ⏟ x \underbrace{a_0+a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n}_{x} x a0+a1+a2+⋯+an\underbrace{a_0+a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n}_{x} a 0 + a 1 + a 2 + ⋯ + a n ⏞ x \overbrace{a_0+a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n}^{x} a0+a1+a2+⋯+an x\overbrace{a_0+a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n}^{x} arg ⁡ m a x 1 ≤ k ≤ n λ k λ k + 1 \arg \underset{1\leq k \leq n} {max} \frac{\lambda_k}{\lambda_{k+1}} arg1≤k≤nmaxλk+1λk\arg \underset{1\leq k \leq n} {max} \frac{\lambda_k}{\lambda_{k+1}}

\left和\right也可以用来调整下列符号的大小:

SymbolCommandSymbolCommandSymbolCommand ↑ \uparrow ↑\uparrow ↓ \downarrow ↓\downarrow ↕ \updownarrow ↕\updownarrow ⇑ \Uparrow ⇑\Uparrow ⇓ \Downarrow ⇓\Downarrow ⇕ \Updownarrow ⇕\Updownarrow SymbolCommandSymbolCommandSymbolCommand ∑ \sum ∑\sum ∫ \int ∫\int ∮ \oint ∮\oint ∏ \prod ∏\prod ∐ \coprod ∐\coprod ⋂ \bigcap ⋂\bigcap ⋃ \bigcup ⋃\bigcup ⨆ \bigsqcup ⨆\bigsqcup ⋁ \bigvee ⋁\bigvee ⋀ \bigwedge ⋀\bigwedge ⨀ \bigodot ⨀\bigodot ⨂ \bigotimes ⨂\bigotimes ⨁ \bigoplus ⨁\bigoplus ⨄ \biguplus ⨄\biguplus 换行符号 ’ \\’ 与空格符号’\quad’ SymbolCommand a = 1 b = 2 a=1\\b=2 a=1b=2$ a=1 \\ b=2 $ a b a \qquad b ab$ a \qquad b $ a b a \quad b ab$ a \quad b $ a b a \ b a b$ a\ b $ a b a \; b ab$ a; b $ a b a \, b ab$ a\ b $ a b ab ab$ ab $ a ⁣ b a \! b ab$ a! b $

参考： https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/LaTeX:Symbols https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/LaTeX:Commands

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