会计英语：存货

　　1.Inventory n. 存货，库存（c.f.stock英式英语用法） 　　常见词组 inventory turnover 存货周转率 inventory control 存货控制 　　beginning inventory初始存货 ending inventory 期末存货 　　take a physical inventory 盘库 　　常见的存货形式：

Type of business

Type of   inventory

Merchandising   company

Merchandise   inventory 商品存货

Manufacturing   company

Raw materials 原材料

Work in process（WIP）（处在生产过程中的）在制品，半成品

Finished goods成品

　　2.Inventory valuation存货的价值计量 　　cost n. 成本，费用 　　direct costs 直接成本 indirect costs 间接成本　fixed costs 固定成本 cost accounting 成本会计 　　v. 花费 　　e.g. The office furniture of our company costs us $5,000. 　　unit cost 单个成本 total cost 总成本

　　cost of sales （COS） = cost of goods sold（CGS）销货成本 　　sales revenue 销售收入 这两个词经常被放在一起做计算

　　Lecture examples: 　　①A company sold 15 computers for US$1000 each. 　　某公司以1000美元一台的价格售出电脑共15台。 　　Sales revenue: US$1,000×15 = US$15,000 　　②A company sold 15 computers costing US$800 each for total US$15,000. 　　某公司销售出电脑15台，每台成本为800美元，共收入15,000美元。 　　cost of sales: US$800×15 = US$12,000 　　Dr.bank deposit　　　　　15,000　　　　　借：银行存款　　　　　15,000 　　　　Cr.sales revenue　　 　　15,000　　　　　贷：主营业务收入　　　15,000 　　Dr.cost of sales　　　　　12,000　　　　 借：主营业务成本　　　12,000 　　　 Cr.inventory--computer　　12,000　　　　　贷：库存商品—电脑　　12,000

　　3.初始成本计量 　　The inventory should be measured at cost. Cost includes the following: 　　采购成本purchase（price） 运费freight 存储storing cost 　　保险费insurance 税费tax 装卸费 loading and unloading cost 　　e.g.During July, 2007, the company purchased 200 sets of sunshine brand printers at the price RMB￥410 each. RMB￥300 of freight were also paid. 　　Dr. printer　　　　　　　82,300 　　　　Cr. bank deposit　　 　　82,300 　　借：固定资产—打印机　　　82300 　　　　贷：银行存款　　　　　　　82300

　　4.发出存货的成本计量 　　Specific identification 个别计价法 　　unit cost × no. of unit = total cost 　　Weighted average 加权平均法

unit

Unit cost （$）

Total cost （$）

Unit sold

Beginning   inventory, May 1

500

10.00

5,000

any 1000 units   among 1800

Purchase, May 7

800

10.50

8,400

Purchase, May 20

300

11.00

3,300

Purchase, May 26

200

11.20

2,240

Goods available   for sale

1800

18,940÷1800   ≈10.52 ②

18,940 ①

Cost of goods   sold

1000

10.52

10.52×1,000=10,520

Ending   inventory, May 30

800

18,940－10,520 = 8,420

　　Moving average 移动平均法 　　First-in, First-out （FIFO） 先进先出法

unit

Unit cost（$）

Total cost（$）

Unit sold

Beginning inventory,   May 1

500

10.00

5,000

500

Purchase, May 7

800

10.50

8,400

800

Purchase, May 20

300

11.00

3,300

200 out of 300

Purchase, May 26

200

11.20

2,240

Goods available   for sale

1800

18,940

First 1500 units  

Cost of goods   sold

1500

（500×$10.00）+（800×$10.50）+ （200×$11.00）=15,600

Ending   inventory, May 30

300

18,940－15,600=3,340

　　5.期末存货的计量 ending inventory 　　Lower of cost or market rule （LCM rule） 成本与市场孰低法 　　Cost 成本 market value （fair value） 公允价值 carrying value账面成本 　　net realizable value可变现净值＝estimated sale price估计售价－related costs and tax估计销售费用和税金 　　* contract price合同价格 sales price销售价格 　　存货跌价准备的计提 　　Dr. management cost—Dr. management cost-loss on market price decline of inventories　　资产减值损失 　　　　Cr. reserve for market price decline of inventories　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　存货跌价准备 　　Lecture example: 　　If the original cost of the inventory held by ABC company was US$2,000, and its estimated total sale price would be $2,100 and other expense for the sales would be $200. 　　The net realizable value for those inventory: US$1,900=$2,100-$200 　　Dr. management cost-loss on market price decline of inventories　　　100 　　　　Cr. reserve for market price decline of inventories　　　　　　　　　　100　　Lecture examples： 　　At the beginning of the year, Linda company held 1500 desk lamps costing RMB￥50.00 each. During the year it purchased an additional 500 lamps for RMB￥55.00 each. The company sold 1800 units. 　　You are required to compute the cost of goods sold and ending inventory and make the necessary journal entry for the business assuming FIFO method are use. 　　By the end of the year, it was reported that the market price of this type of lamp has declined to RMB￥52.00 each. You are also required to prepare the necessary journal entry on December 31 for the company. 　　①inventory purchase 　　Dr：inventory　　　　　　　27500 　　　　Cr：bank deposit　　　 　　27500（500*55） 　　②inventory sales （FIFO method will be used to calculate the CGS） 　　cost of goods sold（CGS）=1500*50+300*55=91500 　　ending inventory=1500*50+500*55-91500=11000 　　Dr：bank deposit　　　　　　　*** 　　　　Cr.sales revenue　　　　　　　*** 　　Dr：cost of sales　　　　　　91500 　　　　Cr. inventory--desk lamp　　　91500 　　③reserve for market price decline of inventories 　　net realizable value=200*52=10400 　　Dr: management cost-loss on market price decline of inventorie　　600（11000-10400） 　　　　Cr. reserve for market price decline of inventories　　　　　　　　600