排序指南

2024-01-04 01:43| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

使用 cmp 参数的旧方法¶

本 HOWTO 中给出的许多结构都假定为 Python 2.4 或更高版本。在此之前，没有内置 sorted() ， list.sort() 也没有关键字参数。相反，所有 Py2.x 版本都支持 cmp 参数来处理用户指定的比较函数。

In Python 3, the cmp parameter was removed entirely (as part of a larger effort to simplify and unify the language, eliminating the conflict between rich comparisons and the __cmp__() magic method).

In Python 2, sort() allowed an optional function which can be called for doing the comparisons. That function should take two arguments to be compared and then return a negative value for less-than, return zero if they are equal, or return a positive value for greater-than. For example, we can do:

>>> def numeric_compare(x, y): ... return x - y >>> sorted([5, 2, 4, 1, 3], cmp=numeric_compare) [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

或者你可反转比较的顺序：

>>> def reverse_numeric(x, y): ... return y - x >>> sorted([5, 2, 4, 1, 3], cmp=reverse_numeric) [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]

将代码从 Python 2.x 移植到 3.x 时，如果用户提供比较功能并且需要将其转换为键函数，则会出现这种情况。以下包装器使这很容易：

def cmp_to_key(mycmp): 'Convert a cmp= function into a key= function' class K(object): def __init__(self, obj, *args): self.obj = obj def __lt__(self, other): return mycmp(self.obj, other.obj) 0 def __eq__(self, other): return mycmp(self.obj, other.obj) == 0 def __le__(self, other): return mycmp(self.obj, other.obj) = 0 def __ne__(self, other): return mycmp(self.obj, other.obj) != 0 return K

要转换为键函数，只需包装旧的比较函数：

>>> sorted([5, 2, 4, 1, 3], key=cmp_to_key(reverse_numeric)) [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]

In Python 2.7, the functools.cmp_to_key() function was added to the functools module.

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