【名诗欣赏】 (英国)安德鲁·马维尔:花园 | 您所在的位置:网站首页 › 国外抒情诗歌 › 【名诗欣赏】 (英国)安德鲁·马维尔:花园 |
花木之美远胜过女人的容姿! 美丽的树哟,若让我来刻锓, 那刻下的只会使你的芳名。 4 当我们跑完了热恋的路途, 这里便是爱情最好的归宿。 那些追求世间仙姝的天神, 终归也都在树上结束其行程; 阿波罗曾这样把达佛涅追逐, 最后她终于变作月桂一株;② 潘神也曾把西冷克丝紧追, 追到的不是仙女,而是芦苇。③ 5 我在园中的生活真是奇观! 成熟的苹果在我头顶垂悬; 一串串香气四溢的葡萄, 向我嘴里挤入佳酿醇醪; 颗颗仙桃饱含玉液琼浆, 竟自觉自愿掉到我的手上; 漫步时被瓜果花藤绊倒, 我也只是轻轻地扑卧芳草。 6 这时心灵摒弃了感官的满足, 深深地浸沉于它自身的幸福; 对宇宙万物,海洋般的心灵 即刻能映现出它的同类对应; 但心灵还能超越物质现实, 创造出另外的海洋和陆地, 心灵的创造终使现实消隐, 化为绿色的遐想溶进绿荫。 7 在轻轻滑动的源泉之边, 或在树根生苔的果树跟前, 把肉体之外壳抛弃在地, 我的灵魂渐渐溶进树枝; 像小鸟在枝头放声歌唱, 再用喙疏理其银色的翅膀, 直到羽毛泛出变幻彩光, 准备好朝更远的地方飞翔。 8 那乐园曾就是这般光景, 当男人还没有女人同行; 有如此纯洁美好的去处, 还需要什么配偶的帮助!④ 可凡夫俗子怎有福消受 独自一人在这乐园漫游; 能独处幽居生活在乐园, 那乐园就成了两个伊甸。 9 高明的花匠用这些花草 把新的日晷设计得多好; 透过浓郁的柔和阳光 移动在花草的黄道带上;⑤ 辛勤的蜜蜂在工作之时, 也像世人一样计算着时日, 如果不用这些花卉草叶, 焉能算出有益而美好的岁月? (1650–1652;1681) 附英文原诗 : The Garden 1 How vainly men themselves amaze To win the palm, the oak, or bays; And their uncessant labors see Crowned from some single herb or tree, Whose short and narrow-vergèd shade Does prudently their toils upbraid; While all the flowers and trees do close To weave the garlands of repose 2 Fair Quiet, have I found thee here, And Innocence, thy sister dear! Mistaken long, I sought you then In busy companies of men: Your sacred plants, if here below, Only among the plants will grow; Society is all but rude, To this delicious solitude. 3 No white nor red was ever seen So amorous as this lovely green; Fond lovers, cruel as their flame, Cut in these trees their mistress' name. Little, alas, they know or heed, How far these beauties hers exceed! Fair trees! wheresoe'er your barks I wound No name shall but your own be found. 4 When we have run our passion's heat, Love hither makes his best retreat : The gods who mortal beauty chase, Still in a tree did end their race. Apollo hunted Daphne so, Only that she might laurel grow, And Pan did after Syrinx speed, Not as a nymph, but for a reed. 5 What wondrous life is this I lead! Ripe apples drop about my head; The luscious clusters of the vine Upon my mouth do crush their wine; The nectarine and curious peach Into my hands themselves do reach; Stumbling on melons as I pass, Insnared with flowers, I fall on grass. 6 Meanwhile the mind, from pleasure less, Withdraws into its happiness: The mind, that ocean where each kind Does straight its own resemblance find; Yet it creates, transcending these, Far other worlds, and other seas; Annihilating all that's made To a green thought in a green shade. 7 Here at the fountain's sliding foot, Or at some fruit-tree's mossy root, Casting the body's vest aside, My soul into the boughs does glide: There like a bird it sits and sings, Then whets and combs its silver wings; And, till prepared for longer flight, Waves in its plumes the various light. 8 Such was that happy garden-state, While man there walked without a mate: After a place so pure and sweet, What other help could yet be meet! But 'twas beyond a mortal's share To wander solitary there: Two paradises 'twere in one To live in Paradise alone. 9 How well the skillful gard'ner drew Of flowers and herbs this dial new; Where from above the milder sun Does through a fragrant zodiac run; And, as it works, th' industrious bee Computes its time as well as we. How could such sweet and wholesome hours Be reckoned but with herbs and flowers! (1650–1652;1681) 注: ① 棕榈、橡树或桂树的枝叶做成的冠象征胜利与荣誉,此处泛指世俗间的名利。 ②③ 均引自希腊神话故事。 ④ 《旧约·创世记》第2章第18节云:“耶和华神说,那人独居不好,我要为他造一个配偶帮助他。” ⑤ 花开花谢皆有节令,花匠用各种花卉精心设计的花坛岂不正像计算时光的日晷,日影在花木上移动,岂不正像太阳在黄道带十二宫上的移动。 【赏析】 《花园》写于1650年,于诗人死后的1681年发表,其后一些英诗选集为了将《花园》与诗人写的另外一首题为《花园——内战后作》的诗相区别,曾把此诗题目改为《花园遐思》。正如改后的诗名所示,这是一首哲理诗,是诗人在草木葱郁的花园中对人生的思索。马维尔同其他博学多思的玄学派诗人一样,思想中常常带有强烈的感情,思想的火花对他犹如玫瑰的芬芳。所以,《花园》读来既是思考人生的哲理诗,又是歌颂自然的抒情曲。这 诗一开始就批评世人只顾徒劳地争夺用草木编织的象征名利的冠冕,却忽略了大自然本身就是由花草树木交织成的花环花冠(第一节)。诗人也曾经随波逐流地在茫茫人海中追求过宁静与纯真,但他终于发现,宛如亲姊妹的“宁静”与“纯真”只存在于大自然中(第二节)。置身于翠碧影深的花木之中,诗人方悟出世间的红颜粉黛之美是那么的短促,而只有自然之美才能永恒,故花木之美远胜过女人的容姿;所以世人不该(也不能)总是沉湎于男欢女爱的热恋中,满足于短暂的美感,而应该也寄情于自然寻求永恒的爱和美。太阳神阿波罗追仙姝达涅盘,而达佛涅化为月桂,阿波罗宠月桂,终年用其枝叶饰琴箭,月桂也四季常青;牧羊神潘追美女西冷可丝,用西冷克丝变成芦苇,潘爱芦苇,取之制笛,笛声不绝,其爱永存。神祗对爱和美的追求尚在草木中永生,世人也该在大自然的宁静与纯真中完善自己对爱和美的追求(第3、第4节)。大自然也能使人得到感官美:苹果仙桃头顶坠、葡萄美酒流人嘴,可谓不亦乐乎(第5节)。但比起纯洁无邪的心灵美来,感官之美就微不足道了。心灵犹如大海,能包容宇宙诸事万物,它还能超越现实,创造出比现实更美好的事物、更纯美的境界(第6节)。灵魂一旦抛却肉体之外壳,精神一旦摆脱世俗的羁绊,就能像小鸟一样自由歌唱,其羽毛就能映照出各色光彩(领略整个大千世界),其翅膀能飞得更远更高(达到完美的精神境界)(第7节)。人的精神能这般升华,那简直就像进了伊甸乐园。亚当在伊甸园独来独往之时是何等快乐!身在乐园又能独居,那乐园之乐就是双倍快乐了。但现实毕竟是现实,凡夫俗子怎能完全超凡脱俗,绝对地“采菊东篱下,悠然见南山”呢?连亚当也因有了夏娃而偷吃禁果,被逐出乐园,贬落人间。那世人终归还是要回到现实(第8节)。但世人应该如何在现实中生活呢?诗人思考的结果是:光阴的流逝不是以时钟日历来度量的,而是以自然界花草的枯荣来计算的。人类在自身创造的社会环境中不要忘记天赋的自然环境。把现实社会与大自然揉和在一起,那人们度过的岁月就美好而有益了(第9节)。 (原载北京师范学院出版社1991年版《外国抒情诗赏析辞典》第504–507页) 安德鲁·马维尔(Andrew Marvell, 1621–1678),英国玄学派诗人,出身于教士家庭,毕业于剑桥大学,英国资产阶级革命时期站在国会军一边,担任过共和国拉丁文秘书弥尔顿的助手,后当选为国会议员,王政复辟后,继续当选议员,并先后在英国驻俄国、丹麦、瑞典等国使馆任过职。他一生写有哲理诗、抒情诗、赞美诗及讽刺诗共50余首。另著有散文若干。返回搜狐,查看更多 |
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