高中语法专题（现在分词/动名词）：动名词作定语知识点综合讲解及习题专练（完整版）

1. 用法：相当于形容词的用法，用来修饰名词；

2. 分类：前置定语和后置定语；

3. 条件：单个的单词通常作前置定语，放在名词之前；多个单词或是短语通常作后置定语，放在名词之后；

4. 单个的动词-ing形式作前置定语的用法：

    (1)表示主动：动词-ing形式和它所修饰的名词为主动关系；

    (2)说明被修饰名词的用途和性能；

    e.g. a reading room＝a room which is used for reading阅览室

          running shoes＝shoes for running跑鞋

          a working method＝a method for working工作方法

(3)表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态；

  e.g. developing countries＝countries that are developing

        an ordinary-­looking house＝a house that looks ordinary

          a puzzling problem＝a problem that puzzles somebody

(4)表示所修饰物的特征、性质和状态(动词­ing形式相当于一个形容词)，常译作“令人……的”。

①常用来作定语的现在分词有astonishing(令人惊奇的)，amusing(使人发笑的)，confusing(令人困惑的)，disappointing(令人失望的)，boring(令人感到无聊的)，encouraging(鼓舞人心的)，inspiring(鼓舞人心的)，moving(令人感动的)，tiring(令人感到疲惫的)，interesting(令人感到有趣的)，surprising(令人感到惊讶的)等；

②注意；此类定语通常用来修饰指物的名词。

  e.g. This is an interesting book and many students like reading it.

        That is a tiring thing and I just don’t want to talk about it.

5.动词-ing形式作后置定语：

(1)作定语的动词­ing形式如果是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面，作后置定语，表主动关系，可转换为相对应的定语从句；

  e.g. They lived in a house facing the south.

        = They lived in a house which faced the south.

        Do you know the boy playing basketball?

      = Do you know the boy who is playing basketball?

  (2)分类：后置定语和所修饰的名词之间没有打“,”的，可以转换为限制性定语从句；后置定语和所修饰的名词之间打了“,”的，可以转换为非限制性定语从句。

      e.g. Tom is the person helping my mother yesterday.

            = Tom is the person who helped my mother yesterday.

              I like the apple, tasting sweet.

            = I like the apple, which tastes sweet.

6.专题练习

(1) I know you’re dying to hear all about my life here，so I’ve included some photos_____ (help) you picture the places I talk about.

(2) The boys_________ (come) across anything like this before started jumping out of the windows.

(3) Is he the man _________ (want)to see you？

(4) I don’t like people always_____ (think) of themselves.

(5) The sun heats the earth，______(make) it possible for plants to grow.

(6) Many westerners _________ (come) to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.

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