【夜读河北（英文版）】"清王朝历史的缩影"

Zhili Govern-general, with a noble status and great power, served as the Minister of Military, Minister of Administration, Minister of Salt Trades, Minister of River Channels and Minister of Beiyang at the same time, whose power had already outreached the scope of Zhili Province. Being close to capital Beijing, Zhili Province was bound to defend it. Any unrest could endanger the ruling of Qing Government, so that the title of Zhili Govern-general only belonged to the important officials.

直隶总督权重位显，集军事、行政、盐务、河道及北洋大臣于一身，其权利已大大超过直隶省范围。因直隶地处京歌，拱卫京师，稍有动乱，便会危及朝廷，故直隶总督一衔非重臣莫属。

Zhili Govern-general's Office was directly related to many events in China' s modern history. Take the period of Yi hetuan Movement as an example. Li Hongzhang, the Zhili Govern-general at that time represented the Qing government and signed many treaties that betrayed and humiliated the country. Another example is Yuan Shikai, who was in power for 10 years or so as the Zhili Govern-general. He started from the establishment and training of the modernized army, but he turned into thief who had greatly taken advantage of and stolen from his mother country.

在中国近代史上，直隶总督署曾与不少重要事件直接相关。如义和团运动，直隶总督李鸿章在任内，代表清政府签订了丧权辱国的各种条约，袁世凯在任十余年间，靠编练新军起家，后成为窃国大盗。

Having been through many vicissitudes of life, Zhili Govern-general's Office has carried the contributions as well as faults of its successive officials. With the accumulation of a rich history, it has become a political, economic, military and cultural miniature of Qing Dynasty, just as what is said, “Zhili Govern-general's Office is a true portrayal of the history of Qing Empire.”

历经沧桑的直隶总督署，承载了历任总督的功过是非，积淀了丰富的历史内涵，成为清王朝政治、经济、军事、文化的缩影，可谓“一座总督衙署，半部清史写照。”

直隶总督并不好当！

从雍正二年(1724年)李维钧首任直隶总督起，到宣统三年(1911年)张镇芳署理直隶总督止，187年中共产生直隶总督75人，99任次，有的只任数月，任职5年以上的只有方观承、周元理、李鸿章、袁世凯等10余人。其中李鸿章任期最长，他3次受命，先后达28年之久。

这种平均不到两年一任次的频繁更替，原因除有的总督病故、革职或降调外，也是清朝中央驾驭地方大吏的一种手段，因为朝廷唯恐地方官久居一地，结党营私，难以控制，认为适当调换可免于此弊。

Today's Reader

"Hello, I'm Gabriel Agranoff. I'm from London, England. I graduated from Cambridge last year and I currently work as an English teacher at 42 Middle School in Shijiazhuang.

“大家好，我是Gabriel Agranoff，来自英国伦敦，我去年从剑桥大学毕业，现在是石家庄第42中学的英语老师。

英文译者

李文静，石家庄铁道大学外语系教师。

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