如何判断现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别

曾老师的解答已经很全面了，同时还延伸帮你分析了一些相关的问题。但鉴于本题带有一定的普遍性，下面对你的这道题再哆索几点：

______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.

A. Giving B. Given C. Being given D. Had been given

▲此题答案选 B，它属于过去分词表示条件的用法，相当于一个条件状语从句：

Given time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.

=If he is given time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.

顺便说一句，这类句子有时还可能用虚拟语气。如：

Given the chance, I’d love to try again. 如果给我机会，我愿意再试试。

=If I were given the chance, I’d love to try again. 如果给我机会，我愿意再试试。

注意“悬垂分词”的使用是有限制的，通常只用于某些特殊的表达，如曾老师所举的句子就是很典型的例子。

▲你问“这类题中永远都不会出现现在分词和过去分词的被动式吗”——这里有一点需要说明：英语只有现在分词才有被动式，过去分词是没有被动式的。至于现在分词，它完全可以用被动式（如果语义需要的话）作状语的。如下面两句均摘自张道真的《英语语法大全》：

(Being) Defeated in every battle, the enemy will soon surrender. 要是敌人每场战斗都被打败，那他们就会投降。

If (being) caught (=If he was caught), the thief would be punished. (在过去分词前being常被省略) 小偷要是被抓住，就会受到惩罚。

▲ 从上面张道真的《英语语法大全》中的例句可以看出，你的考题并不严谨，因为此题除了B之外，C也是可能的，虽然张道真教授认为“在过去分词前being通常省略”，但也不是说一定要省略。请看看下面几道高考题，也属类似考点，但高考题命题者避开了 being given 这样的选项：

1. _______ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. (2000北京春季卷)

A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given

2. _______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. (2003北京春季卷)

A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given

3. _______ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. (2001上海春季卷)

A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give

4. ________ the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow the international stars. (2009江西卷)

A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given