Debian

2024-07-12 12:05| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

DNS是什么？

DNS，Domain Name System或者Domain Name Service（域名系统或者余名服务）。域名系统为Internet上的主机分配域名地址和IP地址。用户使用域名地址，该系统就会自动把域名地址转为IP地址。域名服务是运行域名系统的Internet工具。执行域名服务的服务器称之为DNS服务器，通过DNS服务器来应答域名服务的查询。

环境 server 10.10.70.2 debian1.skills.com client 10.10.70.3 debian2.skills.com 服务搭建

SERVER

安装这两个包，bind9 和dnsutils root@debian1:~# dpkg -l bind9 dnsutils Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold | Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pe> |/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad) ||/ Name Version Architecture Description +++-==============-===================-============-========================> ii bind9 1:9.16.22-1~deb11u1 amd64 Internet Domain Name Ser> ii dnsutils 1:9.16.22-1~deb11u1 all Transitional package for> lines 1-7/7 (END) Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold | Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend |/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad) ||/ Name Version Architecture Description +++-==============-===================-============-======================================= ii bind9 1:9.16.22-1~deb11u1 amd64 Internet Domain Name Server ii dnsutils 1:9.16.22-1~deb11u1 all Transitional package for bind9-dnsutils 进入bind主配置目录 root@debian1:/etc/bind# ll total 48 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1991 Oct 25 07:29 bind.keys -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 342 Feb 24 20:12 db.0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 271 Oct 25 07:29 db.127 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 358 Feb 24 20:13 db.255 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 353 Oct 25 07:29 db.empty -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 270 Oct 25 07:29 db.local -rw-r--r-- 1 root bind 463 Oct 25 07:29 named.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root bind 499 Feb 24 20:11 named.conf.default-zones -rw-r--r-- 1 root bind 165 Oct 25 07:29 named.conf.local -rw-r--r-- 1 root bind 846 Oct 25 07:29 named.conf.options -rw-r----- 1 bind bind 100 Jan 8 02:40 rndc.key -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1317 Oct 25 07:29 zones.rfc1918 root@debian1:/etc/bind# pwd /etc/bind 编辑dns的主配置文件 root@debian1:/etc/bind# vi named.conf.default-zones zone "skills.com" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.0"; }; zone "70.10.10.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.255"; }; 复制正向文件和反向配置文件 root@debian1:/etc/bind# cp db.local db.0 root@debian1:/etc/bind# cp db.127 db.255 编辑正向区域，域名解析IP root@debian1:/etc/bind# cat db.0 ; ; BIND data file for local loopback interface ; $TTL 604800 @ IN SOA localhost. root.localhost. ( 2 ; Serial 604800 ; Refresh 86400 ; Retry 2419200 ; Expire 604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL ; @ IN NS localhost. @ IN A 127.0.0.1 @ IN AAAA ::1 debian1 IN A 10.10.70.2 debian2 IN A 10.10.70.3 debian3 IN A 10.10.70.4 编辑反向区域，IP解析域名 root@debian1:/etc/bind# cat db.255 ; ; BIND reverse data file for local loopback interface ; $TTL 604800 @ IN SOA localhost. root.localhost. ( 1 ; Serial 604800 ; Refresh 86400 ; Retry 2419200 ; Expire 604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL ; @ IN NS localhost. 1.0.0 IN PTR localhost. 2 IN PTR debian1.skills.com. 3 IN PTR debian2.skills.com. 4 IN PTR debian3.skills.com. root@debian1:/etc/bind# 重启服务 root@debian1:/etc/bind# systemctl restart named 加入开机自启 root@debian1:/etc/bind# systemctl enable named Synchronizing state of named.service with SysV service script with /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install. Executing: /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable named 反向解析 root@debian1:~# nslookup 10.10.70.2 2.70.10.10.in-addr.arpa name = debian1.skills.com. root@debian1:~# nslookup 10.10.70.3 3.70.10.10.in-addr.arpa name = debian2.skills.com. root@debian1:~# nslookup 10.10.70.4 4.70.10.10.in-addr.arpa name = debian3.skills.com. 正向解析 root@debian1:~# nslookup debian1.skills.com Server: 10.10.70.2 Address: 10.10.70.2#53 Name: debian1.skills.com Address: 10.10.70.2 root@debian1:~# nslookup debian2.skills.com Server: 10.10.70.2 Address: 10.10.70.2#53 Name: debian2.skills.com Address: 10.10.70.3 root@debian1:~# nslookup debian3.skills.com Server: 10.10.70.2 Address: 10.10.70.2#53 Name: debian3.skills.com Address: 10.10.70.4

CLIENT

客户端添加dns地址 root@debian2:~# cat /etc/resolv.conf domain skills.com search localdomain nameserver 10.10.70.2 ping域名或者IP root@debian2:~# ping 10.10.70.2 PING 10.10.70.2 (10.10.70.2) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 10.10.70.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.371 ms 64 bytes from 10.10.70.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.403 ms ^C --- 10.10.70.2 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1020ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.371/0.387/0.403/0.016 ms root@debian2:~# ping debian1.skills.com PING debian1.skills.com (10.10.70.2) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from debian1.skills.com (10.10.70.2): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.393 ms 64 bytes from debian1.skills.com (10.10.70.2): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.445 ms ^C --- debian1.skills.com ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1002ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.393/0.419/0.445/0.026 ms root@debian2:~#

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