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英语五种基本句型

2024-02-15 21:04| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

六:补充学习(定语、状语)

一、 定语:定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。

形容词作定语:

The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy;blue修饰名词pen.)小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。

Tom is a handsome boy.Tom是个英俊的男孩。

There is a good boy.有个乖男孩。

数词作定语相当于形容词:

Two boys need two pens.两个男孩需要两支钢笔。

The two boys are students.这两个男孩是学生。

There are two boys in the room.房间里有两个男孩。

代词或名词所有格作定语:

His boy needs Tom\'s pen.他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。

His name is Tom.他的名字是汤姆。

There are two boys of Toms there.那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。

介词短语作定语:

The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。

The boy in blue is Tom.穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。

There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩。

名词作定语:

The boy needs a ball pen.男孩需要一支圆珠笔。

It is a ball pen.这是一支圆珠笔。

There is only one ball pen in the pencil box.这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。

副词作定语:

The boy there needs a pen.那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。

The best boy here is Tom.这里最棒的男孩是Tom。

不定式作定语:

The boy to write this letter needs a pen.写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。

The boy to write this letter is Tom.将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。

There is nothing to do today.今天无事要做。

分词(短语)作定语:

The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。

The pen bought by her is made in China.她买的笔是中国产的。

There are five boys left.有五个留下的男孩。

定语从句:

The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。

The boy you will know is Tom.你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。

There are five boys who will play the game.参加游戏的男孩有五个。

二、状语:状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。

副词(短语)作状语:

The boy needs a pen very much.男孩非常需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)

The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。(宾语较长则状语前置)

The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)

The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。(时间状语)

介词短语作状语:

In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.在教室里,男孩需要一支钢笔。(地点状语)

Before his mother,Tom is always a boy.在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)

On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)

分词(短语)作状语:

He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。(表示伴随状态)

Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen./因为不得不完成作业,男孩需要一支笔。(原因状语)

Frightened,he sits there soundlessly.(因为)受了惊吓,他无声地坐在那儿。(原因状语)

不定式作状语:

The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。(目的状语)

To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣。

名词作状语:

Come this way!/走这条路!(方向状语)

状语从句:

时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句

三、同位语:同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语。如:

We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’) We all are students. / (all是we的同位语,都指同样的‘我们’)

四、独立成分:有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句子独立成分(注意:区别于分词独立结构)。

感叹词:oh,hello,aha,ah,等。

肯定词:yes

否定词:no

称呼语:称呼人的用语。

插入语:一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。

如:The story,I think,has never come to the end.我相信,这个故事还远没结束

情态词:表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语)perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然,等。

五、分词独立结构:分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词独立结构。



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