橄榄球为什么叫Football？不是应该叫叫Handball吗？

原来早期的足球规则并不统一，有的地方可以用手，有的地方不能，后来分化成：The Association Football 和Rugby Football，前者不能用手，后者可以（就是后来的橄榄球）。也就是说，橄榄球和足球最早都叫football，只是到了后来英美两国才有了叫法上的差异。美国人之所以把足球称作 soccer，就是取自 association一词。现在为避免歧义，美式橄榄球可说成：American football.

美式橄榄球有哪些规则呢？

1

美式橄榄球比赛在两只最多53人（NFL规则）的队伍间进行，双方分别派出11名队员上场比赛，并可以随时更换场上部分或全部的球员。拿到控球权的一方是进攻方，目标是尽可能将球向对方阵地推进，争取越过得分线进入对方端区得分。

Each side sends 11 players to play and can change them at any time. The offense's goal is to push toward the defensive side's camp, crossing the scoring line to score.

2

进攻的方法有两种，球员带球向前跑阵或将球向前抛传。

There are two ways to attack. One is a forward running score and one is a forward throw.

防守方的目的则是尽可能阻止对方进攻得分，并迫使其丧失控球权。

The goal of the defense is to prevent the opponent from scoring and to force him to lose possession.

如果进攻一方得分成功或丧失控球权，双方队伍互换攻防，比赛就这样轮流攻防的进行下去，直到四节比赛时间结束。

If the attacking team scores or loses possession of the ball, the teams exchange attack and defense, and the game goes on in turn until the end of four quarters.

美式橄榄球常用词

传球passing

前传forward pass

接触性倒地down by contact

拦截tackle

出界out of bounds

死球dead ball

弃踢punt

抄截interception

掉球fumble

攻守交换turnovers

达阵touchdown

射门field goal

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