丘吉尔：我们绝不投降 We Never Surrender!【领袖】

【主讲人】温斯顿·丘吉尔 Winston Churchill政治家、英国前首相。被认为是20世纪最重要的政治领袖之一，领导英国人民赢得了第二次世界大战，被美国杂志《人物》列为近百年来世界最有说服力的八大演说家之一。1940年，敦刻尔克大撤退后，丘吉尔发表了一段12分钟的演讲，他用近乎决绝的坚定抚平了英国人民心中的恐惧和不安，以下为演讲全文。

【背景介绍】

敦刻尔克大撤退后，法国即将宣布投降之时，丘吉尔下令撤出在法英军，为后续的战斗保存实力。战争前期的劣势、颓废的士气、无法预知的未来，这一切都让英国人民感到恐惧。是绥靖求和，以得苟活？还是愤而抗争，力战到底？丘吉尔在6月4日的议会上，用最铿锵的预言，最决绝的预期，告诉纳粹和全世界：We shall NEVER surrender! 我们决不投降！

【双语演讲稿】

When a week ago today, Mr. Speaker. I asked the house to fix this afternoon at the occasion for a statement. I feared it would be my hard lot to announce the greatest military disaster in our long history. 

一个星期过去了，议长先生，今天我要求下院安排下午的时间，以便我有机会发表声明，我生怕我的厄运即将到来。这同样也昭示着我们将遭受悠久历史中最近严重的一次军事灾难。

I thought and some good judges agreed with me that perhaps 20,000 or 30,000 men might be reembarked. But it certainly seemd that the whole of the French First Army and the whole of the British Expeditionary Force north of the Amiens-Abbeville gap would be broken up in the open field or else would have to capitulate for lack of food and ammunition.

我认为许多优秀的法官都同意我的看法。也许两三万战士会被拯救，但是可以肯定的是，整个法国第一部队和整个英国远征军都被困于亚偭阿布维尔大山北部。他们不是在旷野等地被打散，就是因为缺少弹药而不得不投降。

These were the hard and heavy tidings for which I called upon the House and the nations to prepare themselves a week ago. The whole root and core and brain of the British Army, on which and around which we were to build, and are to build, the Great British Armies in the later years of the war, seemed about to perish upon the field or be led into an ignominious and starving captivity.

这些是一个艰难而沉重的消息，我呼吁众议院和国家在一周前做好准备。 英国军队的整个根，核心和大脑，在战争的后期，我们将要建造并将要建造的伟大的英国军队，这个计划在战场上似乎趋于破灭。或者将把我们变成可怜的阶下囚。

The enemy attacked us on all sides with great strength and fierceness, and their main power, the power of their far more numerous Air Force, was thrown into the battle or else concentrated upon Dunkirk and the beaches. Pressing in upon the narrow exit, both from the east and from the west, the enemy began to fire with cannon upon the beaches by which alone the shipping could approach or depart.

强大的敌军从四面八方呼啸而来，而他们的主力，为数更多的空军部队，要么投入到战斗之中，要么就是在敦刻尔克海滩上集结待命，敌军通过狭小的出海口从东西两个方向步步紧逼，敌军开始向沙滩上进行炮击，只有靠近海滩处的船只才能来回移动。

They sowed magnetic mines in the channels and seas; they sent repeated waves of hostile aircraft, sometimes more than a hundred strong in one formation, to cast their bombs upon the single pier that remained, and upon the sand dunes on which the troops had their only shelter.

他们在必经的水上通道和海域放置磁性水雷，他们派战斗机进行一波又一波的攻击，有时一百架战斗机一起出动，并把他们的炸弹集中投在一个孤零零的码头上，投在沙丘上，尽管这些沙丘是英法部队唯一的遮蔽物。

Their U-Boats, one of which were sunk, and their motor launches took the toll of the vast traffic which now began. For four or five days an intense struggle reigned. All their armored divisions or what was left of them together with great masses of infantry and artillery, hurled themselves in vain upon the ever-narrowing, ever-contracting appendix within which the British and French Armies fought. Meanwhile, the Royal Navy, wth the willing help of countless merchant seamen, strained every nerve to embark the British and Allied Troops; 220 lights warships and 650 other vessels were engaged.

他们使用了U型潜艇，其中一艘U型潜艇被我们击沉，他们还拥有相当数量的摩托汽艇，这使得敌人在物资运输上有着巨大的优势，经过四五天的激烈战斗，敌人侧翼的所有装甲师，包括大量步兵、炮兵仍在徒劳地挣扎着，但在英法联军的合击下，他们迟早会成为无用的牺牲品，然而此时的皇家海军，在无数海上商人的自愿帮助下紧绷每一根神经把英法联军送上运输船，220艘轻型舰只和650艘其他舰只也参与了战斗。

They had to operate upon the difficult coast, often in adverse weather, under an almost ceaseless hail of bombs and an increasing concentration of artillery fire. Nor were the seas, as I've said, themselves free from mines and torpedoes.

他们不得不克服海上的不利条件，恶劣的天气，无休止的轰炸，以及越来越猛烈的炮击，正如我所描述的，整个海域都淹没在炸弹和鱼雷的火力之中。

It was in conditions such as these that our men carried on, with little or no rest, for days and nights on end, making trip after trip across the dangerous waters, bringing with them always men whom they had rescued.

即使在这样的严峻形势下，我们的勇士们依旧无所畏惧，他们不辞劳苦，他们日夜兼程，他们前赴后继，他们穿过危险的海域，带着落难的战士凯旋归来。

The numbers they've brought back other measure of their devotion and their courage. The hospital ships, which brought off many thousands of British and French wounded, being so plainly marked were a special target for Nazi bombs; but the men and women on board them the never faltered in their duty.

他们所拯救的战士的数目只能用他们的忠诚和勇气来衡量，医疗船拯救了成千上万名英法士兵，因为船上有明显的标志，他们成为纳粹轰炸的重点目标，但是船上的男女医务人员依然毫不犹豫地履行着他们的职责。

Meanwhile, the Royal Air Force, which had already been intervening in the battle, as far as its range would allow, from our home bases, now used part of its main metropolitan fighter strength, and struck at the German bombers and at the fighters which in large numbers protected them.

与此同时，皇家空军已从基地起飞并参加战斗，在他们所能及的范围内，发挥了巨大的战斗力。消灭了从德国来犯的轰炸机部队，并且严厉的打击了地方被保护的部队。

This struggle would protracted and fierce. Suddenly the scene has cleared, the crash and thunder has for the moment-but only for the moment-tide away. A miracle of deliverance, achieved by valor, by perseverance, by perfect discipline, by faultless service, by resource, by skill, by unconquerable fidelity, is manifest to us all. The enemy was hurled back by the retreating British troops. He was so roughly handled that he did not hurry their departure seriously.

与纳粹的斗争是长期的、激烈的，突然间形势变得明朗了，子弹的爆裂声和如雷般的炮声，仅仅持续了片刻，就逐渐消失了。这个救援奇迹的出现，靠的是英勇无畏，靠的是坚持不懈，靠的是纪律严明，靠的是无私奉献，靠的是智慧、技能和永不屈服的一片丹心，这对我们来说是极为重要的，德国部队被正在进行大撤退的英法联军击退，希特勒的战略部署太过狂妄自大，敌军不可能在匆忙之中控制整个局势。

Sir, we must be very careful not to assign to this deliverance the attributes of a victory. Wars are not won by evacuations. But there was a victory inside this deliverance, which will be noted. It was gained by the Air Force. Many of our soldiers coming back have not seen the Air Force at work; they saw only the bombers which escaped its protective attack.

但我们必须注意，不能把这次救援行动当做战争胜利的象征，撤退无法赢得战争，但这次救援行动本身却孕育着令人瞩目的巨大胜利，皇家空军取得了救援行动的胜利，但从前线回来的战士们却没有看到空军的作用，他们只看到了空防战线以外的轰炸机群。

They underrate its achievements. I've heard much talk of this; that is why I go out of my way to say this. I will tell you about it. This was a great trial of strength between the British and German Air forces.

他们低估了空军的战绩，我听到很多类似的说法，这就是我为什么要站出来说这件事的原因。接下来我将阐明这一点，这是英德两国之间空军力量的博弈。

Can you conceive a greater objective for the Germans in the air meant to make evacuations from these beeches impossible, and to sink all these ships which were displayed, almost to the extent of thousand?

德国空军的目的是，让我们从海滩撤退成为不可能，并且要击沉所有密集在那里数以千计的船只。

Could there have been an objective of greater military importance and significance for the whole purpose of the war than this? They tried hard, and they were beaten back; they were frustrated in their task. We got the Army away; and they have paid fourfold for any losses which they have inflicted.

除此之外，从整个战争的目的来说，还有什么更大的军事重要性和军事意义呢？敌军竭尽所能，结果被赶了回去，他们的阴谋宣告破产，我们把部队撤走了，敌军不得不承受四倍于我们的损失。

So when we consider how much greater would be our advantage in defending the air above this Island against an overseas attack, and I'll say that I find in these facts a sure basis upon which practical and reassuring thoughts may rest. 

当我们想弄清我们有多少有利条件来捍卫半岛领空和抗击外来侵略时，我必须说我在现实中找到了一个切实可行的方法，可以在此基础上产生万无一失的办法。

I will pay my tribute to these young airmen. The great French Army was very largely, for the time being, cast back and disturbed by the onrush of a few thousands of armored vehicles. May it not also be that the cause of civilization itself will be defended by the skill and devotion of a few thousand airmen? There never has been, I suppose, in all the world, in all the history of war, such an opportunity for youth.

我要对那些年轻的空军战士们表示敬意。绝大部分法国部队，在很短的时间内，他们被驱逐，他们被袭扰，而敌军数以千计的装甲车却在横冲直撞。文明事业本身难道不需要由几千名空军战士的忠诚和能力来捍卫吗？我认为在世界范围内，在整个战争史上，都没有给年轻人这样的机遇。

The Knights of the Round Table, the Crusaders, all fall back into the past-not only distant but prosaic; these young men going forth every morn to guard their native land and all that we stand for, holding in their hands these instruments of colossal shattering power, of whom it may be said that: 

骑士军团，十字军团，不仅成为历史而且平淡无奇; 现在我们的年轻人每天挺身而出守护我们的祖国和我们所向往的一切，他们把具有毁灭性威力的武器握在手中。

有一句诗可以形容他们：

Every morn brought forth a noble chance. 

每个黎明都诞生一个宏伟的时机，

And every chance brought forth a noble knight, 

每一次良机都成就一位高贵的骑士，

deserve our gratitude, as do all the brave men who, in so many ways and on so many occasions, are ready, and continue ready give life and all their native land.

值得我们欣慰的是，正如我们所有勇士的做法，不论何时何地，他们都准备着为守卫领土而奉献他们的一切。

Nevertheless, our thankfulness at the escape of our Army and so many men, whose loved ones have passed through an agonizing week, must not blind us to the fact that what happened in France and Belgium is a colossal military disaster. The French Army has been weakened, the Belgian Army has been lost, a large part of those fortified lines upon which so much faith had been reposed is gone, many valuable mining districts and factories have passed into the enemy's possession, the whole of  the Channel ports are in their hands, with all the tragic consequences that follow from that, and we must expect another blow to be struck almost immediately, at us or at France.

尽管如此，值得庆幸的是我们的军队和大批将士虎口脱险，而他们的亲人却在担惊受怕中经历了难熬的一周。但是我们必须看清现实，法国和比利时爆发了战争，法国军队被重创，比利时军队全军覆没，法国曾经引以为傲的坚固防线大部门已陷入敌手，许多重要的矿区、工厂被敌人占领，全部海湾港口都落在敌方手里，悲剧接踵而来。我们和法国会再次受到袭击。

We are told sir that Herr Hitler has a plan for invading the British Isles. This is often been thought of before. When Napoleon lay at Boulogne for a year within hisflat-bottomed boats and his Grand Army, he was told by someone that, " there are bitter weeds in England." There are certainly a great many more of them since the British Expeditionary Force returned.

有人对我们说，希特勒先生有一个入侵大不列颠的计划。这早在预料之中。当拿破仑带着他的平底船和他的大军在布洛涅驻扎一年以后，有人对他说：“英国要办丧事了。”随着远征军的归来，当然要大办。

So I have, myself, full confidence that if all do their duty, if nothing is neglected, and if the best arrangements are made, as they are being made, we shall prove ourselves once more able to defend our Island home, to ride out the storm of war, and to outlive the menace of tyranny, if necessary for years, if nevessary alone. At any rate, that is what we're going to try to do.

就我个人而言，我坚信只要所有人都履行好自己的义务，如果我们像现在这样做了充分的准备，我们也将再一次证明我们能够捍卫我们的岛国，安然度过战争风云，摆脱战争的威胁，即使需要很多年，即使必定孤军奋战。我们无论，这就是我们要做的。

That is resolve of His Majesty's Government-every man of them. That is a will of Parliament and the nation. The British Empire and the French Republic, linked together in their cause and in their need, will defend to the death their native soil, aiding each other like good comrades to the utmost to their strength.

这便是在英王陛下政府中每一个人的决心。这也是议会和民族的意志。大英帝国和法兰西共和国的使命和需求紧密相连，我们将誓死捍卫国土，秉承同志情谊，竭尽全力，相互扶持。

We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be.

我们将战斗到底。我们将在法国作战，我们将在海洋中作战，我们将以与日俱增的力量在空中信心百倍地战斗，我们将不惜一切代价保卫本土。

We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; 

我们将在海滩作战，我们将在敌人的登陆点作战，我们将在田野和街头作战，我们将在高地作战。

we shall never surrender!

我们绝不投降！

And even if, which I do not for a moment believe, this island or large part of it were subjugated and starving, then our Empire beyond the seas, armed and guarded by the British Fleet, would carry on the struggle, until, in God's good time, the Wew World, with all its power and might, steps forth to the rescue and the liberation of the old.

即使我们这个岛屿或这个岛屿的大部分被敌人占领，并陷于饥饿之中，在英国舰队的武装捍卫下，屹立在海岸边的帝国会战斗到时来运转，直到新世界的出现。它将竭尽所能，去拯救乃至解放旧世界。