[语言学]语言学教程 测试题及答案

1.判断题： We were all born with the ability to acquire language, which means the details of any language system can be genetically transmitted.

正确 错误 参考答案： 错误

2.单选题： __________ deals with language application to other fields, particularly education. A. Linguistic theory B. Practical linguistics C. Comparative linguistics D. Applied linguistics 参考答案： D

3.单选题： Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human __________ A. contact

B. communication C. relation D. community 参考答案： B

4.判断题： Only human beings are able to communicate. 正确 错误 参考答案： 错误

5.填空题： Saussure put forward two important concepts. _____refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community. 参考答案： langue

6.判断题： The conventional nature of language is illustrated by a famous quotation from Shakespear’s play Romeo and Juliet: “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet”. 正确 错误 参考答案： 正确

7.填空题： Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure’s langue and Chomsky’s_______ 参考答案： competence

8.判断题： Speech and writing came into being at much the same time in human history. 正确 错误 参考答案： 错误

9.填空题： The description of a language as it changes through time is a _______ study. 参考答案： diachronic

10.填空题： Linguistics is the______ study of language. 参考答案： scientific

11.填空题： One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of _______ over writing. 参考答案： speech

12.填空题： Modern linguistics is _______ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rules for people to observe. 参考答案： descriptive

13.单选题： Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary? A. tree

B. typewriter C. crash D. bang

参考答案： A

14.判断题： F. de Saussure, who made the distinction between langue and parole in the early 20th century, was a French linguist. 正确 错误 参考答案： 错误

15.单选题： __________ refers to the actual realization of the ideal language user’s knowledge of the rules of his language in utterances. A. Performance B. Competence C. Langue D. Parole 参考答案： A

16.判断题： Language is written because writing is the primary medium for all languages. 正确 错误 参考答案： 错误

17.单选题： Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, due to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation? A. Transferability B. Duality

C. Displacement D. Arbitrariness 参考答案： C

【quiz2 phonology】 测试总分： 18 分

【jenny1027】的测试概况：(得分： 18 分)

1.填空题： In phonological analysis the words fail / veil are distinguishable simply because of the two phonemes /f/ - /v/. This is an example for illustrating _______ 参考答案： minimal pairs

2.填空题： Speech takes place when the organs of speech move to produce patterns of sound. These movements have an effect on the coming ______from the lungs. 参考答案： air stream

3.判断题： According to the length or tenseness of the pronunciation, vowels can be divided into long vs. short or tense vs. lax. 正确 错误 参考答案： 正确

4.判断题： In English, all the back vowels are rounded. 正确 错误 参考答案： 错误

5.填空题： In English there are a number of_________, which are produced by moving from one

vowel position to another through intervening positions. 参考答案： diphthongs

6.填空题： According to the feature of voicing, consonant sounds can be either ____ or ____ , while all vowel sounds are ____ .

参考答案： voiced voiceless voiced

7.单选题： Pitch variation is known as __________ when its patterns are imposed on sentences. A. intonation B. tone

C. pronunciation D. voice 参考答案： A

8.单选题： Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation? A. [n] B. [m] C. [b] D. [p]

参考答案： A

9.判断题： In English, all the front vowels and the central vowels are unrounded. 正确 错误 参考答案： 正确

10.单选题： Which branch of phonetics concerns the production of speech sounds? A. Acoustic phonetics B. Articulatory phonetics C. Auditory phonetics D. None of the above 参考答案： B

11.单选题： What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating? A. Voiceless B. Voiced C. Glottal stop D. Consonant 参考答案： B

12.填空题： Consonants differ from vowels in that the latter are produced without ______ . 参考答案： obstruction

13.判断题： Suprasegmental phonology refers to the study of phonological properties of units larger than the segment-phoneme, such as syllable, word and sentence. 正确 错误 参考答案： 正确

14.判断题： [p] is a voiced bilabial stop. 正确 错误 参考答案： 错误

15.判断题： Acoustic phonetics is concerned with the perception of speech sounds. 正确 错误 参考答案： 错误

16.单选题： Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowels? A. [i:] B. [u] C. [e] D. [i]

参考答案： B

【quiz3 Morphology】

1.填空题： Bound morphemes are classified into two types: ______ and ______. 参考答案： derivational morphemes inflectional morphemes

2.填空题： ______is a reverse process of derivation, and therefore is a process of shortening. 参考答案： Back-formation

3.单选题： The three subtypes of affixes are: prefix, suffix and __________. A. derivational affix B. inflectional affix C. infix

D. back-formation 参考答案： C

4.单选题： Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as __________. A. content words B. grammatical words C. function words D. form words 参考答案： A

5.填空题： ______is extremely productive, because English had lost most of its inflectional endings by the end of the Middle English period, which facilitated the use of words interchangeably as verbs or nouns, verbs or adjectives, and vice versa. 参考答案： Conversion

6.单选题： __________ is a way in which new words may be formed from already existing words by subtracting an affix which is thought to be part of the old word. A. affixation

B. back-formation C. insertion D. addition 参考答案： B

7.填空题： A small set of conjunctions, prepositions and pronouns belong to ______class, while the largest part of nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs belong to______ class. 参考答案： closed open

8.单选题： The words like smog and motel are formed by __________. A. blending

B. clipping

C. back-formation D. acronymy 参考答案： A

9.单选题： In English –ise and –tion are called __________. A. prefixes B. suffixes C. infixes D. stems 参考答案： B 10.填空题： A word formed by derivation is called a ______, and a word formed by compounding is called a ______.

参考答案： derivative compound

11.单选题： The word DINK is formed in the way of __________. A. acronymy B. clipping

C. compounding D. blending 参考答案： A

12.单选题： There are __________ morphemes in the word denationalization. A. three B. four C. five D. six 参考答案： C

13.单选题： Morphemes that represent tense, number, gender and case are called __________ morpheme.

A. inflectional B. free C. bound D. derivational 参考答案： A 【quiz4-syntax】

1.填空题： Words which introduce the sentence complement are termed ______ 参考答案： complementizers

2.判断题： Minor lexical categories are open because these categories are not fixed and new members are allowed for. 正确 错误 参考答案： 错误

3.填空题： ______is \ 参考答案： Constituent

4.填空题： There are two levels of syntactic structures. The first, formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head’s sub-categorization properties, is called ______. The second, corresponding to the final syntactic form of the sentence which results from appropriate transformations, is called ______.

参考答案： deep structure surface structure

5.填空题： Infl is the short form of ______, an abstract category which indicates ______ and ______.

参考答案： inflection tense agreement

6.填空题： Major lexical categories play a very important role in sentence formation. They differ from minor lexical categories in that they are often ______ assumed to be the around which phrases are built. 参考答案： heads

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