Renewal

2023-04-16 11:14| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

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总部位于蒙特利尔的KANVA建筑事务所所设计的作品突破建筑造型与形式的局限，传递出深远的意义。在为蒙特利尔自然生态馆打造的新设计中，KANVA在精美宏大的科学博物馆中为游客提供了沉浸于多种生态系统环境中的真实体验。

蒙特利尔自然生态馆开放于1992年，坐落在1976年建成的前奥林匹克自行车馆中，是加拿大所有博物馆设施中最受欢迎的一颗璀璨明珠。由Rami Bebawi和Tudor Radulescu共同创立的KANVA，在2014年赢得了一项国际设计竞赛，在Space for Life的委托下参与到这项耗资2500万美元的项目中。Space for Life是负责自然生态馆、天文馆、昆虫馆和植物园的运营机构。

KANVA事务所合伙人及项目负责人Rami Bebawi表示：“我们的目标是提升访客与博物馆特有的生态系统之间的沉浸式体验，并对建筑的公共空间进行改造。在实施的过程中，我们自豪地将生态馆在推动人类对自然环境复杂性的敏锐认知方面的作用融入设计，在气候变化的大背景下了解这种影响的重要性尤为必要。”

项目伊始，KANVA的团队就对建筑庞大的复杂性进行了深入研究，了解到这个生命实体由生态系统及提供生命支持的复杂机械组成。因此任何尺度的干预都需要相当精细，而契合项目规模的全球化战略的要求极为精细，对众多微介入进行细致的协调与管理。每一项决策都需要基于跨学科的咨询协调，这种协作努力贯穿了项目始终。

Bebawi谈到：“团队各方都理解全球愿景，他们将各自的领悟以合作精神传递给我们。这种经历非常具有启发性，为设计如何更好地解决未来环境问题竖立了典范。”

从结构性视角，KANVA以建筑遗产的价值最大化为宗旨致力空间的改造。新核心空间的打造与拆除低矮的入口天花板相结合，让游客欣赏到原空间令人印象深刻的巨大体量。在拆除天花板的过程中，KANVA将空间向天空打开，丰沛的自然光线透过巨大天窗构成的屋顶洒向室内。

巨大体量的开放空间成为生态系统间的内核，KANVA通过参数化方式设计了亲生物外皮，用来包裹生态系统并为游客提供引导。由于结构工程的复杂性，预制的纯白亲生物表皮的安装任务相当艰巨。不容任何差池，表皮在弯曲的铝结构周围蜿蜒拉伸，通过张力以悬臂和三角梁悬挂固定于主要的钢结构上。机械连接的融入使其能够适应各种动作，并为现场调整提供了可能。

半透明的表皮与上方的天窗相得益彰，倾斜的地面营造出平静无极的氛围。新的核心空间还增强了游客的感官体验，体验从纯粹的中性空间过渡到对周围生态系统的多重感官探索。

Rami Bebawi解释说：“这是一个非常强大的工具，长达半公里，并跨越四层的高度。它不仅是空间的极限象征，这种白色的纯净感烘托出原混凝土结构的特质，两者展现出一种优美的鲜明对比。”

随后，KANVA专注参观旅程，将原有的直线参观路线转变为更具活力的体验路径。游客们可以自行选择体验路线，探索栖息着超过25万个动物和500种植物的五大生态系统。从概念上KANVA致力于提供更身临其境的体验，专注于激发人们的感官体验，并将视觉置于声音、气味和触感之后。从令人平静的大堂开始，起伏的生动表皮将游客引入通向中央核心的10米隧道，对热带雨林、劳伦森枫林、圣劳伦斯湾、亚南极群岛和拉布拉多海岸五大生态系统的探索由此开启。

入口隧道地面的倾斜坡度减缓了人们行进于白色通道的速度，帮助放空大脑迎接新的感官体验。随着人们到达中央核心，亲生物表皮上的小缝隙，即生态运送会将他们引至生态系统的入口。末端的自动门随之打开，人们的视线仍被珠帘遮挡。随着游客穿过珠帘，他们在视线开启之前，已经感受到自然栖息地的气候、气味和声音。次极地地区的入口处，一个全新的冰隧道协助游客在穿行中适应环境的温度，前方海鹦和企鹅提供了额外的气味和声音的感官刺激。

在竖向上，KANVA在五大生态系统之上叠加了一个全新的楼层。人们通过人行道到达这里，可以穿行在热带雨林和圣劳伦斯湾生态系统高耸的树木之间。人行道还通向一个全新夹层，人们在此可以俯瞰生态系统和白色核心。这里还作为技术楼层，开设互动式教育展览和深入了解保护场馆生态系统的精密仪器的空间。

在为场馆的企鹅居民设计全新的水池之前，KANVA花费了数周时间向生物学家和兽医深入了解海狸的游动模式。为了丰富游客在自然栖息地观察海狸的真实感受，团队研究了它们的建筑能力，这一想法演变为让海狸自行雕琢木头，并在干燥后将木头用于界定出室内的空间。

Bebawi说到：“在为生物环绕的环境做设计前，需要秉持一种谦虚的学习梯度。我们为他人设计时对自我会有基本的认知，为水獭或树懒设计则需要对自己进行再教育。”

整个项目的经历丰富了KANVA的建筑设计历程。这一教育过程推动了他们对建筑的探索，使其以更具渗透性的模式推动人与自然的和谐共处，而避免成为外部力量的壁垒。

“我们需要重建人与环境的连接，我们非常自豪自然生态馆以创意方式实现了这一点。“Bebawi补充说：”历经六年的时间，项目为我们提供了宝贵的知识，让我们对未来项目的创新手法做出准备，建筑将成为促进环境变化的有力工具。”

KANVA成立于2003年，是一家总部位于蒙特利尔综合性建筑事务所。团队由充满活力的建筑师组成，他们的作品处于思索、想象、描绘和构建集合空间的前沿。KANVA的设计手法致力于重新审视和改造建筑环境，事务所将每个项目视为讲述故事的机会，扩展艺术和建筑间的边界和对话；并将建筑、艺术和科学作为学习工具，为人们打造宜居的建筑环境。

KANVA的作品屡获殊荣，其中包括由加拿大皇家建筑学会颁发的“2015年新锐建筑实践奖”。2017年，KANVA凭借“自适应边界”的研究工作荣获加拿大艺术委员会的罗马大奖。次年，Imago创新项目在世界建筑节(WAF)大奖中上获得了未来项目实验奖。KANVA还被选中为2021-2022年度迪拜世博会打造加拿大馆的艺术装置。

KANVA, a Montreal-based firm renowned for meaningful projects extending beyond the boundaries of architectural shapes and forms, unveiled the delicate grandeur of the newly redesigned Biodome, a Montreal science museum that immerses visitors in the authentic environs of multiple ecosystems.

Housed in the former Velodrome, constructed for the Montréal 1976 Olympic Games, the Biodome opened in 1992 and is a jewel in the crown of a consortium of facilities that collectively account for the most visited museum spaces in Canada. After winning an international architectural competition in 2014, KANVA, co-founded by Rami Bebawi and Tudor Radulescu, was commissioned for the $25 million project by Space for Life, the body charged with overseeing operations of the Biodome, Planetarium, Insectarium, and Botanical Garden.

"Our mandate was to enhance the immersive experience between visitors and the museum's distinct ecosystems, as well as to transform the building's public spaces," noted Rami Bebawi, a partner of KANVA and the project's lead architect. "In doing so, we proudly embraced the role that the Biodome plays in sensitizing humans to the intricacies of natural environments, particularly in the current context of climate change and the importance of understanding its effects."

From the onset, KANVA studied the tremendous complexity of the building, a living entity comprised of ecosystems and very complex machinery that is critical to supporting life. They realized that any type of intervention would need to be very delicate, and that a global strategy to the scale of the mandate would require careful coordination and management of numerous micro interventions. Every decision required consultations across multiple disciplines, and it became a truly collaborative effort that embraced KANVA's storyline.

"Everybody understood the global vision, and they carried that understanding with them in the spirit of collaboration," said Bebawi. "It was a very inspirational experience that will serve as a model for better addressing environmental issues in design in the future."

From an organizational perspective, KANVA began by targeting spaces that could be transformed in ways that would maximize the value of the building's architectural heritage. The carving of a new core combined with the demolition of the particularly low ceiling at the entrance of the building allows visitors to appreciate the impressive scale of the existing space. In gutting the existing ceiling, KANVA opened the space skyward to the building's extraordinary roof, composed of massive skylight panels that infuse an abundance of natural light.

With a massive open space now forming the core between the ecosystems, KANVA parametrically designed a living skin that they could wrap around the ecosystems, and which would serve as a guiding accompaniment to visitors. With exceptionally complicated structural engineering, the installation of the prefabricated pure white, biophilic skin was a monumental task. With no room for error, the skin was curved and stretched around a bowed aluminum structure, using tension, cantilevering, and triangular beams for suspension, and itself anchored to a primary steel structure. Mechanical junctions were also incorporated in order to accommodate a variety of movements and allow for on-site adjustments.

The translucent skin harmoniously interacts with the skylights above, with beveled horizons that elicit a sense of calm and infinity. The new core also amplifies the sensorial experience of visitors transitioning from its pure neutrality to the multi-sensorial discovery of its adjacent ecosystems.

"It's a very powerful tool, half a kilometer in length and rising nearly four storeys," explained Rami Bebawi. "It's extremely emblematic of the space, and the white purity beautifully highlights and contrasts the original structural concrete."

KANVA then focused on the journey itself, designing new passages aimed at transforming the existing linear path of discovery into a more dynamic experience, where visitors take charge of their own journeys through the Biodome's five ecosystems, housing more than 250,000 animals and 500 plant species. Conceptually aiming for a more immersive experience, KANVA focused its attention on soliciting senses, relegating sight to the end of the line behind sound, smell, and touch. From the calming lobby hall, the undulating living skin funnels visitors into a 10-meter tunnel leading to the central core, where their exploration of five ecosystems, including Tropical Rainforest, Laurentian Maple Forest, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Sub-Antarctic Islands, and Labrador Coast, begins.

The entry tunnel features a very subtle floor incline, intended to slow the pace of movement through a compressed white passage, and to void the mind for fresh sensory input. Once visitors reach the central core, smaller slits in the living skin, called eco-transits, lead them towards the ecosystem entrances. As automatic doors at the end of the eco-transit open into the ecosystem, it remains visually obstructed by a curtain of beads. By the time visitors pass through the beads, they have been exposed to the climate, smells, and sounds of the natural habitat before seeing anything. At the entrance of the Subpolar Regions, KANVA designed a new ice tunnel that acclimatizes visitors during the transition, while the sounds and smells of puffins and penguins ahead provide additional sensory stimulation.

Vertically, KANVA added an entire new level above the ecosystems, accessible via walkways enabling visitors to move through the foliage of majestic trees of both the Tropical Rainforest and Gulf of St. Lawrence ecosystems. The walkways lead to a new mezzanine, offering aerial views of the various ecosystems and the pure white nucleus. The new mezzanine also serves as a technical floor, with interactive educational exhibits and insight into the elaborate machinery required to preserve the facility's delicate ecosystems.

Before designing a new water basin for the facility's resident penguins, KANVA staff spent weeks with biologists and veterinarians in order to gain insight into the specie's swimming patterns. To provide an authentic feel to an observation point where visitors can observe beavers in their natural habitat, the firm studied the architectural prowess of the beavers. The idea emerged to let the beavers carve the wood themselves, which was then dried and used to line the interior of the space.

"Before you can even begin to design in an environment with living species all around you, education and a notion of humbleness are required," explained Bebawi. "We take basic assumptions about ourselves for granted when we design for other human beings, but designing for an otter or a sloth requires that you re-educate yourself."

The entire experience has enriched KANVA's journey as an architectural firm. The educational process has advanced their exploration of how buildings, rather than being barriers to external forces, can be rendered more permeable as harmonious cohabitations between humans and nature.

"We need to reconnect people with the environment, and the Biodome does that in a refreshing way that we are proud to have contributed to," added Bebawi. "This project has provided us with six years of invaluable knowledge, preparing us for new and innovative approaches to future projects where architecture becomes a tool to promote and facilitate environmental change."

KANVA: Design Architect, Quebec Architect, Coordinating Architect, Project Manager. In collaboration with NEUF architect(e)s

Bouthillette Parizeau inc.: Electromechanical engineer

NCK inc.: Structural Engineer

THE TEAM OF COLLABORATORS

Groupe GLT+: Building code specialist and cost consultant

Atelier 6: Specification writer

LightFactor: Lighting design consultant

La bande à Paul: Collaborating exhibition designer

Anick La Bissonnière: Collaborating set designer

Nathalie Matte: Collaborating museologist

Bélanger Design: Wayfinding specialist

Topo 3D: Land surveyor

Soft dB: Acoustics specialist

Founded in 2003, KANVA is a Montreal-based multidisciplinary architectural firm composed of 15 dynamic architects, whose work is at the forefront of thinking, imagining, drawing, and constructing collective space. KANVA's approach seeks to re-question and transform the built environment, and the firm approaches each project as an opportunity to tell a story and to expand the scope and dialogue between art and architecture. KANVA embraces architecture, art, and science as learning tools for transforming the built environment for those who live in it.

The award-winning firm has received numerous accolades and recognitions for its body of work, including the 2015 Emerging Architectural Practice Award from the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada. In 2017, KANVA was awarded the Canada Council for the Arts' Prix de Rome for its 'Adaptive Boundaries' research work. The following year, the firm's innovative Imago project garnered the Experimental – Future Projects Award at the World Architecture Festival (WAF). Most recently, KANVA was selected to provide art installations for the Canadian pavilion for Expo 2021-22 Dubai.

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