SpringBoot

2023-10-18 15:47| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

配置文件能写什么？

相信接触过 SpringBoot 的朋友都知道 SpringBoot 有各种 starter 依赖，想要什么直接勾选加进来就可以了。想要自定义的时候就直接在配置文件写自己的配置就好。但你们有没有困惑，为什么 SpringBoot 如此智能，到底配置文件里面能写什么呢？

带着这个疑问，我翻了下 SpringBoot 官网看到这么一些配置样例：

SpringBoot 配置样例

发现 SpringBoot 可配置的东西非常多，上图只是节选。有兴趣的查看这个网址：

https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.1.3.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#boot-features-external-config-yaml

自动配置原理

这里我拿之前创建过的 SpringBoot 来举例讲解 SpringBoot 的自动配置原理，首先看这么一段代码：

@SpringBootApplication public class JpaApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(JpaApplication.class, args); } }

毫无疑问这里只有 @SpringBootApplication 值得研究，进入 @SpringBootApplication 的源码：

@SpringBootApplication 源码

SpringBoot 启动的时候加载主配置类，开启了自动配置功能 @EnableAutoConfiguration，再进入 @EnableAutoConfiguration 源码：

@EnableAutoConfiguration 源码

发现最重要的就是 @Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class) 这个注解，其中的 AutoConfigurationImportSelector 类的作用就是往 Spring 容器中导入组件，我们再进入这个类的源码，发现有这几个方法：

/** * 方法用于给容器中导入组件 **/ @Override public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) { if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) { return NO_IMPORTS; } AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata = AutoConfigurationMetadataLoader .loadMetadata(this.beanClassLoader); AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = getAutoConfigurationEntry( autoConfigurationMetadata, annotationMetadata); // 获取自动配置项 return StringUtils.toStringArray(autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations()); } // 获取自动配置项 protected AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry( AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata, AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) { if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) { return EMPTY_ENTRY; } AnnotationAttributes attributes = getAttributes(annotationMetadata); List < String > configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes); // 获取一个自动配置 List ，这个 List 就包含了所有自动配置的类名 configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations); Set < String > exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes); checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions); configurations.removeAll(exclusions); configurations = filter(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata); fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions); return new AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions); } // 获取一个自动配置 List ，这个 List 就包含了所有的自动配置的类名 protected List < String > getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) { // 通过 getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass 获取默认的 EnableAutoConfiguration.class 类名，传入 loadFactoryNames 方法 List < String > configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames( getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), getBeanClassLoader()); Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you " + "are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct."); return configurations; } // 默认的 EnableAutoConfiguration.class 类名 protected Class getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass() { return EnableAutoConfiguration.class; }

代码注释很清楚：

首先注意到 selectImports 方法，其实从方法名就能看出，这个方法用于给容器中导入组件，然后跳到 getAutoConfigurationEntry 方法就是用于获取自动配置项的。再来进入 getCandidateConfigurations 方法就是获取一个自动配置 List ，这个 List 就包含了所有的自动配置的类名。再进入 SpringFactoriesLoader 类的 loadFactoryNames 方法，跳转到 loadSpringFactories 方法发现 ClassLoader 类加载器指定了一个 FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION 常量。然后利用 PropertiesLoaderUtils 把 ClassLoader 扫描到的这些文件的内容包装成 properties 对象，从 properties 中获取到 EnableAutoConfiguration.class 类（类名）对应的值，然后把他们添加在容器中。public static List < String > loadFactoryNames(Class < ? > factoryClass, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) { String factoryClassName = factoryClass.getName(); return loadSpringFactories(classLoader).getOrDefault(factoryClassName, Collections.emptyList()); } private static Map < String, List < String >> loadSpringFactories(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) { MultiValueMap < String, String > result = cache.get(classLoader); if (result != null) { return result; } try { // 扫描所有 jar 包类路径下 META-INF/spring.factories Enumeration < URL > urls = (classLoader != null ? classLoader.getResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION) : ClassLoader.getSystemResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION)); result = new LinkedMultiValueMap < > (); while (urls.hasMoreElements()) { URL url = urls.nextElement(); UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(url); // 把扫描到的这些文件的内容包装成 properties 对象 Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource); for (Map.Entry < ? , ? > entry : properties.entrySet()) { String factoryClassName = ((String) entry.getKey()).trim(); for (String factoryName: StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray((String) entry.getValue())) { // 从 properties 中获取到 EnableAutoConfiguration.class 类（类名）对应的值，然后把他们添加在容器中 result.add(factoryClassName, factoryName.trim()); } } } cache.put(classLoader, result); return result; } catch (IOException ex) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load factories from location [" + FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION + "]", ex); } }

点击 FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION 常量，我发现它指定的是 jar 包类路径下 META-INF/spring.factories 文件：

public static final String FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION = "META-INF/spring.factories";

将类路径下 META-INF/spring.factories 里面配置的所有 EnableAutoConfiguration 的值加入到了容器中，所有的 EnableAutoConfiguration 如下所示：注意到 EnableAutoConfiguration 有一个 = 号，= 号后面那一串就是这个项目需要用到的自动配置类。

# Auto Configure org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cloud.CloudServiceConnectorsAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jdbc.JdbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisReactiveAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.jest.JestAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.rest.RestClientAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.codec.CodecsAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.influx.InfluxDbAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jsonb.JsonbAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.kafka.KafkaAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoReactiveAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.quartz.QuartzAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.reactor.core.ReactorCoreAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityRequestMatcherProviderAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.UserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveSecurityAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveUserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.servlet.OAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.servlet.OAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskSchedulingAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.client.RestTemplateAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.embedded.EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.HttpHandlerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.ReactiveWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.WebFluxAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.error.ErrorWebFluxAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.ClientHttpConnectorAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.reactive.WebSocketReactiveAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketServletAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.client.WebServiceTemplateAutoConfiguration

每一个这样的 xxxAutoConfiguration 类都是容器中的一个组件，都加入到容器中，用他们来做自动配置。上述的每一个自动配置类都有自动配置功能，也可在配置文件中自定义配置。

举例说明 Http 编码自动配置原理@Configuration // 表示这是一个配置类，以前编写的配置文件一样，也可以给容器中添加组件 @EnableConfigurationProperties(HttpEncodingProperties.class) // 启动指定类的 ConfigurationProperties 功能；将配置文件中对应的值和 HttpEncodingProperties 绑定起来；并把 HttpEncodingProperties 加入到 ioc 容器中 @ConditionalOnWebApplication // Spring 底层 @Conditional 注解，根据不同的条件，如果满足指定的条件，整个配置类里面的配置就会生效；判断当前应用是否是 web 应用，如果是，当前配置类生效 @ConditionalOnClass(CharacterEncodingFilter.class) // 判断当前项目有没有这个类 CharacterEncodingFilter；SpringMVC 中进行乱码解决的过滤器； @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.http.encoding", value = "enabled", matchIfMissing = true) // 判断配置文件中是否存在某个配置 spring.http.encoding.enabled；如果不存在，判断也是成立的 // 即使我们配置文件中不配置 pring.http.encoding.enabled=true，也是默认生效的； public class HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration { // 已经和 SpringBoot 的配置文件建立映射关系了 private final HttpEncodingProperties properties; //只有一个有参构造器的情况下，参数的值就会从容器中拿 public HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration(HttpEncodingProperties properties) { this.properties = properties; } @Bean // 给容器中添加一个组件，这个组件的某些值需要从 properties 中获取 @ConditionalOnMissingBean(CharacterEncodingFilter.class) public CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter() { CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new OrderedCharacterEncodingFilter(); filter.setEncoding(this.properties.getCharset().name()); filter.setForceRequestEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.REQUEST)); filter.setForceResponseEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(Type.RESPONSE)); return filter; }

自动配置类做了什么不在这里赘述，请见上面代码注释。所有在配置文件中能配置的属性都是在 xxxxProperties 类中封装的；配置文件能配置什么就可以参照某个功能对应的这个属性类，例如上述提到的 @EnableConfigurationProperties(HttpProperties.class) ，我们打开 HttpProperties 文件源码节选：

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.http") public class HttpProperties { public static class Encoding { public static final Charset DEFAULT_CHARSET = StandardCharsets.UTF_8; /** * Charset of HTTP requests and responses. Added to the "Content-Type" header if * not set explicitly. */ private Charset charset = DEFAULT_CHARSET; /** * Whether to force the encoding to the configured charset on HTTP requests and * responses. */ private Boolean force; }

在上面可以发现里面的属性 charset 、force 等，都是我们可以在配置文件中指定的，它的前缀就是 spring.http.encoding 如：

spring.http.encoding 属性

另外，如果配置文件中有配该属性就取配置文件的，若无就使用 XxxxProperties.class 文件的默认值，比如上述代码的 Charset 属性，如果不配那就使用 UTF-8 默认值。

总结

1. SpringBoot 启动会加载大量的自动配置类

2. 我们看我们需要的功能有没有 SpringBoot 默认写好的自动配置类；

3. 我们再来看这个自动配置类中到底配置了哪些组件 ( 只要我们要用的组件有，我们就不需要再来配置，若没有，我们可能就要考虑自己写一个配置类让 SpringBoot 扫描了)

4. 给容器中自动配置类添加组件的时候，会从 properties 类中获取某些属性。我们就可以在配置文件中指定这些属性的值；

xxxxAutoConfigurartion 自动配置类的作用就是给容器中添加组件

xxxxProperties 的作用就是封装配置文件中相关属性

至此，总算弄明白了 SpringBoot 的自动配置原理。我水平优先，如有不当之处，敬请指出，相互交流学习，希望对你们有帮助。

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