新概念英语第二册笔记Lesson 8 The best and the worst 最好的和最差的（新鲜事物的英文）

导读乔 . 桑德斯拥有我们镇上最漂亮的花园。garden n. 花园 ; town n. 镇 ;The most beautiful garden in our town belongs to Joe Sanders. The most bea...

Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town.

乔 . 桑德斯拥有我们镇上最漂亮的花园。

beautiful adj. 漂亮的≠ ugly, beauty n. beautify v. ;

garden n. 花园 ; town n. 镇 ;

★ 形容词和副词的比较级 -er, more 和最高级 -est, themost : 单音节和少数双音节词 ( 如以 y 结尾的词 ) 在词尾加 er 或 est; 两个以上音节 , 其比较级和最高级是在形容词或副词前加 more 或 the most:more interesting, the most interesting ;

The most beautiful garden in our town belongs to Joe Sanders. The most beautiful garden in our is Joe Sanders'.

Nearly everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden Competition' each year, but Joe wins every time.

几乎每个人都参加每年举办的“最佳花园竞赛”，而每次都是乔获胜。

nearly adv. 几乎 差不多 = almost ; enter v. 过入 走进 ;

enter for 报名参加各种比赛考试等 = take part in, participate;

competition n. 竞争 比赛 竞赛 ; compete v. 竞争 对抗 + with/against/for;

competitive adj. 有竞争力的 ; competitor n. 竞争者 对手 ;

race 速度比赛 game 游戏比赛 ;

beauty contest 选美; match 球类比赛;暗地里的竞争用 competition;

every/each time 每次 ; win-won-won v. 赢 获得 winner n. 获胜者 ;

Nearly everybody competes against each other for 'The Nicest Garden Competition' each year, but Joe who has the most beautiful garden in our town is the winner every time.

Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's. Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables, but Joe's garden is more interesting.

比尔 . 弗里斯的花园比乔的花园大，他比乔也更为勤奋，种植的花卉和蔬菜也更多，但乔的花园更富有情趣。

larger 形容词的比较级 : large-larger-largest, large adj. 大的 = big ≠ small ;

名词所有格（'s) 后面的名词可以省略（比较的东西必须是同类事物）,

这里指的是 Bill Frith's garden;

Joe's garden is smaller than Bill Frith's.

Bill Frith's garden is the largest one in our town.

work v. 工作 ; hard-harder-hardest adv. 努力的 ;

Joe 后省略了 works, than 引导的比较状语从句常常是省略句 ;

grow-grew-grown v. 种植 = plant; flower n. 花 ( 读音 = flour n. 面粉 );

vegetable n. 蔬菜 ; more 是形容词 many 的比较级 ( 比较级的不规则形式之一 ):

more interesting是形容词 interesting 的比较级 ,

the most interesting 最高级 ; more adv. 更多 更大的 ≠ less adv. 少 较少 更少 ;

Joe works less harder than Bill and plants less flowers and vegetables, but still Bill's garden is less interesting than Joe's.

He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool.

他修筑了一条条整洁的小路，并在一个池塘上架了一座小木桥。

make-made-made v. 建造 制做 = build ; neat adj. 整齐的 整洁的 = tidy ≠ untidy;

path n. 小路 小径 = road; wooden adj. 木头的 木制的 ;

wood n. 木头 树林 ; bridge n. 桥 ; pool n. 水池 池塘 ( 人工 );

swimming pool 游泳池 ; pond 池塘 ( 自然形成的 );

over prep. 在 .. 上方 横跨 ;

over the pool 横跨池塘上方 ;

Neat paths have been made and a wooden bridge has been built over a pool by Joe whose garden is more interesting than Bill's.

I like gardens too, but I do not like hard work. 我也喜欢花园，但我却不愿意辛勤劳动。

like v. 喜欢≠ dislike v. 不喜欢 ; 喜欢 : be into sth, be fond of sth.;

hard work 是名词短语 , hard 是 adj.; work hard 动词短语 hard 是 adv.;

I like gardens too, but I dislike hard work. I am into gardens too, but I am not fond of hard work.

Every year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town!

每年的花园竞赛我也参加，但总因是镇上最劣的花园而获得一个小奖！

enter for 报名 , 只强调报名 enter for the exam; 参加

take part in, participate in, partake in ;

win-won-won v. 赢 获得 winner n. 获胜者 ;

prize n. 奖赏 奖金 奖品 ; 英语中有些形容词或副词的比较级和最高级并不规则 , 如课文中的 good /well-better-best, bad-worse-worst, many/much-more-the most, little-less-least ; 句末感叹号表示惊奇 出乎意料 ;

Every year the writer takes part in the garden competition too, and a little prize for the worst garden in the town is always given

to him! He is always the winner of the prize for the worst garden in our town's Nicest Garden Competition.

cold fish 冷漠的人 ; lucky dog 幸运的人 ;

you are welcome 没关系 / 你是受欢迎的 ;

welcome to + 地点 welcome /home/back 欢迎回家 / 归来 ;

refer to 指 ... ; unwelcome adj. 不需要的 不受欢迎的 多余的 ;

On Wednesday evening, we went to the Town Hall.

星期三的晚上，我们去了市政厅。

Wednesday n. 星期三 , 注意星期的第一个字母要大写 ;

在具体的某一天用介词 on; 如果 morning/afternoon/evening 前有定语修饰 , 则用介词on, 泛指用 in: in the morning... ;

Town Hall 市政厅 , 地点首字母大写 ;

hall 会堂 礼堂 大厅 走廊 门厅 ; go-went-gone v. 去 ;

It was the last day of the year and a large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock.

那是一年的最后一天，一大群人聚集在市政厅的大钟下面。

the last day 最后一天 the first day 第一天 ;

crowd n. 人群 herd n. 兽群 flock n. 鸟群; a large crowd of 一大群 ;

gather v. 自发性的聚集 ;

person 一个人 people 多个人 peoples 民族 ;

crowd: in the crowd 在人群中 ;

a crowd of people 拥挤没有秩序 ; a group of people 有秩序的人群 ;

crowds of people 许多人 人山人海 ; 作复数看待的可数名词 : people, police, cattle;

It was the last day of the year and (it) hened to be Wednesday. We went to the Town Hall at which a large crowd of people had already gathered.

On Wednesday evening, when we went to the Town Hall, a large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock.

It would strike twelve in twenty minutes' time.

再过 20 分钟，大钟将敲响 12 下。

strike-struck-stricken v.（钟）敲响 罢工 攻击 n. 罢工 打击 袭击 ;

本篇第一句已经明示时间发生在过去 , 这里用过去将来时 would do, 站在过去看将来 ; in twenty minutes' time, 介词 in+ 一段时间 , 表示在 .. 之后 , 常跟将来时使用 , after 也表示 在 ... 之后 , 但不能用于将来时态中 ;

minutes' time, 's 名词所有格 , 这里并不表示所有关系 , 而是时间 , 有时名词所有格表示度量价值 :

a pound's weight 一磅的重量 , one dollar's worth of meat 一美元的肉 ;

in twenty minutes'time, 20 分钟之后 ; in twenty minutes' time 20 分钟之后 ;

根据时态判别 in 表示的含义 : 如果是将来式 , in+ 段时间表示一段时间以后 ;

during = over prep. 在 ... 期间 ;

区分 in 和 during: in the holiday 强调这段时间其中的某一时间点 ,

并不表示自始至终 , during the holiday 强调假期的从头到尾 ;

Fifteen minutes passed and then, at five to twelve, the clock stopped.

15 分钟过去了，而就在 11 点 55 分时，大钟停了。

pass v. 过了 ; five to twelve 11:55, five 后省略了 minutes ;

to prep. 时间不到 ..., 差 ...; past prep. 时间过了 ... five past twelve 12:05;

and then 于是 然后 ; stop n. v. 停止 , stop doing sth. 停止做某事 :

Please stop wasting your time! 请停止浪费你的时间 !;

The big minute hand did not move. We waited and waited, but nothing hened.

那根巨大的分针不动了。 我们等啊等啊，可情况没有变化。

minute hand 分针 ; second hand 二手的 秒针 ;

hour hand 时针 ; move v. 移动 ; wait v. 等待 ; wait for 等待 ; waited and waited 强调了动作的重复 , 等啊等 ; hen vi. 不及物动词 ( 不可用于被动语态 ), 发生 , 不能说 Nothing was hened.; hen 事情作主语 ;

what hened? 发生了什么事 ?; nothing pron. 没有什么 ;

anything pron. 任何事 ; something pron. 某事 ;

Suddenly someone shouted. 'It's two minutes past twelve! The clock has stopped!'

忽然有人喊道：“已经 12 点零 2 分了！那钟已经停了！”

suddenly adv. 突然地 = out of the blue, all of a sudden, out of a sudden; sudden adj. 突然忽然的 ; shout v. 大声喊 ＝ call out ; cry out

大声哭 ; scream 尖叫 ; 直接说时间不用加 at, it's nine o'clock, 加 at 表示时间状语 ; has stopped 现在完成时 [has/have done] 强调过去动作导致的结果 ;

看一般过去时 , 只要按字面意思理解即可 , 看过去完成时 , 要读出潜在的意思 ;

Suddenly someone shouted that It was two minutes past twelve and the clock had stopped!

I looked at my watch. It was true. 我看了一下我的手表，果真如此。

look at 看 ; watch n. 手表 监视 注意 v. 看 观看 观察 ;

true adj. 真的 真实的 正确的 = correct, right ≠untrue, incorrect, fake adj. 假的 不真实的 ; truely adv. 真实地 真正地 ; truce n. 停火 休战 ;

| It was true that the clock had stopped! = It was untrue that the clock had not stopped! ( 双重否定表肯定 )

The big clock refused to welcome the New Year. At that moment, everybody began to laugh and sing.那座大钟不愿意迎接新年。此时，大家已经笑了起来，同时唱起了歌。

refuse v. 拒绝 常与不定式连用 , refuse to do sth. 拒绝做 ;

refusal n. 拒绝 回绝 ; deny v. 否认 + 名词 /that 从句 ;

at that moment = just then此时 在那时 ;

at the moment = now 现在 此刻 在此时 ;

begin-began-begun v. 开始 = start;

laugh v. 笑 laugh at 嘲笑 ; laughter n. 笑 笑声 ;

sing-sang-sung v. 唱 ; song n. 歌曲 ; music n. 音乐 ( 不可数 ); sound n. 声音 ; noise n. 噪音 ; welcome v. n. 欢迎 ; cold welcome 冷遇 ;

cold fish 冷漠的人 ; lucky dog 幸运的人 ; You are welcome. 没关系你是受欢迎的 ; welcome to + 地点 welcome home/back 欢迎回家 / 归来 ;

Mr. James Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst.

Pinhurst is only five miles (away) from Silbury.

介词 from 作 " 距 ..." " 离 ..." 讲 , 常与 away 连用 , away 常可以省略 ,

如 : It is far (away) from here. 离这里很远 ;

How far (away) is the bus stop? ;

距离的表达方式 : Pinhurst is five miles (away) from Silbur. ; get vt. 得到 弄来 ;

Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage in Pinhurst which is only five miles from Silbury.

It is hard for Mr. Scott to get by without a telephone and he can not find one for his new garage which has just been bought by Mr. James Scott.

so conj. 所以 ; but conj. 表转折 ; and conj. 连接平行对等结构 ; pigeon n 鸽子 ; It's not my pigeon.= None of my business. 这不是我的过错。

Because he can not find a phone for his new garage, twelve pigeons have been bought by him to send private letters from one garage to the other. Being unable to get a phone for his new garage, he has just bought twelve pigeons to carry letters.

Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury.

昨天，一只鸽子把第一封信从平赫特带到锡尔伯里。

carry v. 提 搬 拿 , 此处意为 送 ;

message n. 信息 ( 可数名词 ) information 信息（不可数名词 )

a piece of information; from ..to ... 从 .. 到 ...;

The first message was carried from Pinhurst to Silbury by one of the hard-working pigeons yesterday.

One of the twelve pigeons which were bought by Mr. James Scott flew from Pinhurst to Silbury to send the first message.

The bird covered the distance in three minutes.

这只鸟只用了 3 分钟就飞完了全程。

bird n. 鸟 , 指上文中的 pigeon;

cover v. 覆盖 盖住 , 此处为走完一段路程 ;

distance n. 距离 路程 ; in three minutes 用３分钟 ;

Yesterday the bird which carried the first message covered the distance from Pinhurst to Silbury in three minutes. The first

message which was carried by a pigeon reached it's destination in three minutes.

Up to now, Mr. Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages.

到目前为止，斯科特先生从一个汽车修理部向另一个发送了大量索取备件的信件和其他紧急函件。

up to now = up till now 到现在为止,作时间状语,句子的时态多用现在完成时 ;

request n.v. 要求 请求 ;

spare adj. 不用的 闲置的 备用的v.饶恕抽出匀出不遗余力 n. 备用品;

spare no efforts 不遗余力做 ;

spare part 备件 = sparepart ; spare time 业余时间 ;

spare tire 备胎 ;

a great many, great 表示数量很大 , 只能同可数名词的复数连用 = a great number of, a lot of 许多 ;

urgent adj. 紧急的 ; urgently adv. 紧急地 迫切地 ;

urgency n. 紧急 急迫 ; emergency n. 急诊 突发事件 紧急情况 ;

emergency room 急诊室 ; ambulance n. 救护车 ;

from one garage to the other. from one to the other 从一个到另一个 ;

other adj. 其它的 ; one ... the other... 一个 ... 另一个 ( 两者 );

Up till now, a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages have been sent by Mr. Scott who employs pigeons

to carry messages from one place to the other. Up to now, a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages were

carried from one garage to the other by those pigeons to Mr. Scott who was both the sender and receiver of those requests.

In this way, he has begun his own private 'telephone' service.

就这样，他开始自己的私人“”业务。

in this way 就这样 以这种方式 ;

by the way 顺便问 / 说一下 ; in the way 妨碍 挡住 ;

on the way 去 ... 的路上 ; in a way 从某种意义上 ;

begin-began-begun v. 开始 = start ;

service n. 业务 服务 ;

at your service = I 'm gald to be at your service 我乐意为您效劳 ;

serve v. 服务 servant n. 仆人 server n. 服务器 ;

his own: sb's own 某人自己的 ; on his own 他独自 : on sb's own 独自 = by oneself ;

|By employing those pigeons to carry messages from one garage to the other, Mr. Scott's own private 'telephone' service has begun. The employment of those pigeons has enabled Mr. Scott's own private 'telephone' service to start.