英语语法篇

关系代词

关系代词引导的形容词从句：

The rabbit is eating a carrot that i bought.

that作为that i bought 的引导词，起代词的作用，所以属于关系词中的“关系代词”。

The teacher who ate a carrot is a rabbit.

The teacher whom i saw yesterday is a rabbit.

The teacher whose favorite food is carrot is a rabbit.

The food which the teacher likes is a carrot.

这里的关系代词之所以是who,whom,whose,which,都是为了在它们引导的从句中更通顺，因为这些词表达的逻辑关系，实际上是从对应的陈述句里变来的，而这些从句中，除去关系代词在开头做引导词，其他词的语序与对应的陈述的语序是一致的。

充当定语的“原本”是陈述句的句子：

只要先把对应的陈述句中需要替代的词变做相应的关系代词：

再把关系代词移到开头，就构成了从句：

I bought the carrot. -> I bought that. -> that I bought.

the rabbit ate a carrot. -> who ate a carrot. -> who ate a carrot.

i saw the teacher yesterday. -> i saw whom yesterday. -> whom i saw yesterday.

the teacher’s favorite food is carrot. -> whose favorite food is carrot. -> whose favorite food is carrot.

the teacher likes the food. -> the teacher likes which. -> which the teacher likes.

that vs. which

The rabbit ate the largest carrot that l’ve ever seen.

the largest已经说是“最大的”，就那么一根，没得选了 ，所以关系代词只能是that.

all the rabbits that ate a carrot.

the only rabbit that ate a carrot.

the first rabbit that ate a carrot.

先行词是多选一(如果是多个同类事物中按限定条件选择)：which

The rabbit ate a carrot which i bought.

关系副词

This was the place where the rabbit ate the carrot.

This is the reason why the rabbit ate the carrot.

That was the day when the rabbit ate the carrot for the first time.

where, why,when在句中的词类（词性）不是代词，而是副词。自然地，这些引导词属于关系词中的“关系副词”。我们也可以把这些关系副词转为关系代词：关系副词 = 介词 + 关系代词which

This was the place at which the rabbit ate the carrot.

This is the reason for which the rabbit ate the carrot.

That was the day on which the rabbit ate the carrot for the first time.