基于PEGASIS的无线传感器网络路由协议改进

摘要： 传感器信息系统能量高效聚集（PEGASIS）协议是无线传感器网络中经典的分簇协议，由于实现简单得以广泛应用，但该协议中头节点的轮流当选策略和网络按照贪心算法成链的方法容易导致整个网络的能量消耗不均匀、节点死亡时间较早、网络延迟较大等问题。提出一种基于PEGASIS的剩余能量距离分区（PEGASIS-REDP）协议，在网络建立连接阶段对整个网络区域进行分区优化，在节点密度不变的情况下缩短差链距离。在头节点选取阶段，将节点剩余能量、区域内平均能量、距离基站的距离等多个因素作为判断头节点当选的条件，大幅减少头节点的更换次数。借助MATLAB软件仿真出PEGASIS-REDP协议建立网络的过程、在不同轮数下节点存活情况和头节点的选取情况，并在相同的实验条件下，针对不同路由协议在网络延迟、能量损耗和生命周期方面进行对比分析。实验结果表明，PEGASIS-REDP协议的网络生命周期相比于PEGASIS协议延长了19.6%，在均衡网络能耗和降低网络延时方面表现更好。

关键词: 无线传感器网络, 传感器信息系统能量高效聚集协议, 分区, 剩余能量, 距离因子

Abstract: The Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information System(PEGASIS) is a classical clustering protocol that is widely used in wireless sensor networks owing to its simple implementation.However, with this protocol, the rotation election strategy of the head node and the chain method of the network based on the greedy algorithm lead to such problems as an uneven energy consumption of the entire network, an early node death, and a large network delay.To solve these problems, Residual Energy Distance Partition(REDP) based on the PEGASIS protocol is proposed.In the network connection stage, the improved protocol optimizes the entire network area evenly, reducing the distance of the difference chain when the node density is unchanged.In the head node selection stage, as the selection conditions of the head node, the improved protocol integrates several factors such as the residual energy of the node, the average energy in the region, and the distance from the base station, which greatly reduce the replacement times of the head node.Finally, using MATLAB software, the network establishment process of the PEGASIS-REDP protocol, the survival of the nodes, and the selection of the head nodes under different rounds are simulated.Under the same experimental conditions, the network delay, energy loss, and life cycle of different protocols are analyzed.The simulation results show that the entire network life cycle is extended by 19.6% compared with that of the PEGASIS protocol, and the PEGASIS-REDP protocol performs better in balancing the network energy consumption and reducing the network delay.

Key words: Wireless Sensor Network(WSN), Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information System(PEGASIS) protocol, partition, residual energy, distance factor

中图分类号: 

TP393