Phospho

Description: This MILAN8R monoclonal antibody recognizes human and mouse extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (also known as ERK1/2, p44/p42, or MAPK3/1) when phosphorylated on T202/Y204. ERK1/2 belong to a family of conserved serine/threonine protein kinases known as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) that are involved in many cellular programs such as proliferation, differentiation, motility, and survival. ERK1/2 signaling is activated in response to numerous extracellular stimuli including mitogens, growth factors, and cytokines. The primary activators of ERK1/2 are MEK1 and MEK2 which act by phosphorylating the activation loop residues T202/Y204 and T185/Y187 in ERK1 and ERK2, respectively. Several downstream targets of ERK1/2 have been identified, including p90RSK and the transcription factor Elk-1. ERK1/2 are negatively regulated by MAPK phosphatases, known as DUSPs or MKPs, as well as by chemical inhibitors of MEK including U0126 and PD98059. Disruption of the ERK pathway is common in many types of cancer.Applications Reported: This MILAN8R antibody has been reported for use in intracellular staining followed by flow cytometric analysis, western blotting, immunohistochemical staining of formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections, immunohistochemical staining, and immunocytochemistry. (Fluorochrome conjugated MILAN8R is recommended for use in intracellular flow cytometry.).Applications Tested: This MILAN8R antibody has been tested by immunoblotting of stimulated Jurkat cells and can be used at less than or equal to 5 µg/mL. This MILAN8R antibody has been tested by immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded human tissue using low pH antigen retrieval and by immunocytochemistry of MeOH-fixed cells and can be used at less than or equal to 5 µg/mL. It is recommended that the antibody be carefully titrated for optimal performance in the assay of interest.Purity: Greater than 90%, as determined by SDS-PAGE.Aggregation: Less than 10%, as determined by HPLC.Filtration: 0.2 µm post-manufacturing filtered.

ERK1 and ERK2 are widely expressed and are involved in the regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells. Many different stimuli, including growth factors, cytokines, virus infection, ligands for heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors and transforming agents, activate the ERK1 and ERK2 pathways. When growth factors bind to the receptor tyrosine kinase, Ras interacts with Raf, the serine/threonine protein kinase and activates it as well. Once actived, Raf phosphorylates serine residue in 2 further kinases, MEK1/2, which in turn phosphorylates tyrosine/threonine in extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2. Upon activation, the ERKs either phosphorylate a number of cytoplasmic targets or migrate to the nucleus, where they phosphorylate and activate a number of transcription factors such as c-Fos and Elk-1.

仅用于科研。不用于诊断过程。未经明确授权不得转售。