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这个用法还要从头说起。看例句:John is much of a musician. 约翰很有音乐家的范儿。 问题:“much of a + 单数名词”,是一种什么结构,表达什么样的意思? “much of a + 单数名词”,是英语中比较特殊的一种表达方式,在阅读中会时常见到。much 在这里实际是不定代词,表示“程度”,表示“在很大程度上;占了很大的比例”。说明:“该名词在很大程度上怎样”。名词前加了much of之后,实际上削弱了后面那个名词的完整,降低了它的程度、性质、品质或身份等。例如第1句: John is much of a musician. 约翰很有音乐家的范儿。 说明他并不是真正的音乐家,只是有很多音乐家的成分。所以“范儿”二字画龙点睛。 如果句中没有much of,那么,John is a musician. 约翰就是一个实实在在的音乐家了。 【现象透视】这种结构,much 实际上表示它在一个名词中占的比例。如果后面的名词是百分之百的话,那么就不需要用much of 这个词语了,直接说 John is a musician. (约翰是一位音乐家。)在某种意义上说,much表示出后面那个名词有很大的“程度”,实际上弱化了后面的名词。 【注意】在现代英语中,为了简练,在 much of a musician 中,of 经常省略。因此:John is much of a musician. = John is much a musician. much 表示程度的上述用法,经常跟否定连用、跟too连用、跟very 连用、跟比较从句连用,而且of 均可省略。 例句: John is very much (of) a musician. John is not very much (of) a musician. John is too much (of) a musician. John is not too much (of) a musician. John is not as much (of) a musician as a singer. John is more (of) a musician than a singer. ▲ 因为much 经常用于比较级more,比较两个事物之间的程度大小,所以,“much of a + 单数名词”这个结构,也常用于比较。它的比较结构有两种: (1)“more of a + 单数名词 + than”:说明前者比后者“程度大”或 “程度增加”。 (2)“less of a + 单数名词 + than ”: 说明前者比后者“程度小”或 “程度减弱”。 【说明】than后面的成分,在一定的上下文中可以省略不说。 ★ 上述两种比较结构,实际上表达了一种“取舍关系”,两个句式的意思正好相反。 例如: (1)This is much of a sitting room. 这很像个起居室的样子。 (2)This is more of a sitting room than a kitchen. 这更像个起居室,而不是厨房。 = 与其说这是一个厨房,还不如说是个起居室。 (3)This is less of a sitting room than a kitchen. 这不像个起居室,而更是个厨房。 = 与其说这是一个起居室,还不如说是个厨房。 更多例句:(有时,比较的成分不需说出,如第2句) She was more of a hindrance than a help. 她非但没帮上忙,反而碍事。 John is more of a student than a teacher. 约翰更像个学生,不是老师。 Parking is less of a problem with a small car. 对于小汽车来说,停车场地不会有问题。 He is less of a fool than he looks. 他不象看上去那样笨。 【知识延伸】 1. “much of a +名词”: much of a表示“在很大程度上”。 She is not much of a journalist. It’s not much of a day for a walk. His brother is not much of a companion for him. Breaking the law is too much of a risk. 违反法律太危险了。 He was too much of a gentleman to ask them for any money. 他太绅士气了,不好意思向他们要钱。 He was too much of a coward to tell the truth even to his closest friend. 他太胆怯,甚至对最亲密的朋友也不敢说出真相。 I find this town too much of a backwater. 2. “more of a +名词: 这个比较级形式是“much of a +名词”的变式。 This is more of a sitting room than a kitchen. She was more of a hindrance than a help. 她非但没帮上忙,反而碍事。 3. “less of a +名词”: Parking is less of a problem with a small car. 对于小汽车来说,停车场地不会有问题。 He is less of a fool than he looks. 他不象看上去那样笨。 4.“nothing of a +名词”: nothing of意为“根本不”。 Mr. Smith is nothing of a musician. 史密斯先生全无音乐家的风味。 She is nothing of a good keeper. 她根本不是个好主妇。 She thinks nothing of a difficulty like that. 这点困难她根本不放在眼里。 She can ride a motorcycle, to say nothing of a bicycle. 她摩托车都会骑, 自行车更不在话下了。 5.“somewhat of a +名词”: somewhat of意为“有点儿,有些”。 The cake we made was somewhat of a failure. 我们做的蛋糕不大成功。 It was somewhat of a surprise to us. 我们对此感到有点惊奇。 I found it somewhat of a difficulty. 我觉得这事有些困难。 What happened to them remains somewhat of a mystery. 他们到底出了什么事,到现在仍可以说是个谜。 6. “kind of a +名词”: kind of意为“有点儿,有些”。 Joanie's my best friend, but she can be kind of a pain sometimes. 乔安妮是我最好的朋友,但她有时候可能有点儿招人烦。 What you did is kind of a stupid thing. 你所做的是一件多少有点愚蠢的事。 7.“sort of a +名词”: sort of意为“有点儿,有些”。 It's not a sharp pain; just sort of a dull ache. 这不是剧痛;只是有些隐痛。 The moon was sort of a gray color. 月亮带点灰色。 I won't tell you; it is sort of a secret. 我不告诉你,这事可以说是个秘密。
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