2016.05 三级笔译实务试题与参考译文

然而，自2008年以来，塞内加尔一直在与沙漠侵蚀斗争。该国每年在一条长达545公里（约340英里）的地带种植约200万株树苗，这是该国在绿色长城项目中承担的任务。此项目是于2005年首次提出的一项庞大的泛非洲生态恢复计划。塞内加尔与其他10个撒哈拉国家将共同行动，建造15公里宽、7100公里长的绿化带，用于抵御沙漠侵蚀。许多国家还尚未启动种植所承担的绿化带时，塞内加尔已率先行动，设立了落实绿色长城项目的国家机构。

“This semi-arid region is becoming less and less habitable. We want to make it possible for people to continue to live here,” Col. Pap Sarr, the agency’s technical director, said in an interview here. Colonel Sarr has forged working alliances between Senegalese researchers and the French team headed by Mr. Boetsch, in fields as varied as soil microbiology, ecology, medicine and anthropology.“In Senegal we hope to experiment with different ways of doing things that will benefit the other countries as they become more active,” the colonel said.Each year since 2008, from May to June, about 400 people are employed in eight nurseries, choosing and overseeing germination of seeds and tending the seedlings until they are ready for planting. In August, 1,000 people are mobilized to plant out rows of seedlings, about 2 million plants, allowing them a full two months of the rainy season to take root before the long, dry season sets in.

该机构技术主任佩普•萨阿上校（Col. Pap Sarr）接受采访时说：“这片半干旱地区越来越不适宜居住。我们要让人们有可能继续在这里生活下去。”萨阿上校促成塞内加尔研究人员与伯伊士先生负责的法国科学家小组建立起研究合作关系，涉及微生物学、生态学、医学和人类学等诸多领域。上校说：“在塞内加尔，我们希望通过尝试各种行动方法，让其他国家更积极地行动起来。”自2008年以来，每年五六月份，约有400人应招在八个苗圃工作，选种、育种、育苗，直到苗熟待种。八月份，要动员1000人栽种共约200万株树苗。这样，在漫长的旱季到来之前，这些树苗就有足足两个月的时间在雨季扎根。

After their first dry season, the saplings look dead, brown twigs sticking out of holes in the ground, but 80 percent survive. Six years on, trees planted in 2008 are up to three meters, or 10 feet, tall.So far, 30,000 hectares, or about 75,000 acres, have been planted, including 4,000 hectares this summer.There are already discernible impacts on the microclimate, said Jean-Luc Peiry, a physical geography professor at the Université Blaise Pascal in Clermont-Ferrand, France, who has placed 30 sensors to record temperatures in some planted parcels.

第一次旱季之后，树苗看上去枯萎了，褐色的嫩枝在树坑里冒出来，但80%的树苗存活了下来。六年后，2008年种的树已有3米（约10英尺）高。至今植树面积已达3万公顷，约7.5万英亩，其中包括今夏新植的4000公顷。

“Preliminary results show that clumps of four to eight small trees can have an important impact on temperature,” Professor Peiry said in an interview. “The transpiration of the trees creates a microclimate that moderates daily temperature extremes.”“The trees also have an important role in slowing the soil erosion caused by the wind, reducing the dust, and acting like a large rough doormat, halting the sand-laden winds from the Sahara,” he added.Wildlife is responding to the changes. “Migratory birds are reappearing,” Mr. Boetsch said.

法国克莱蒙特（Clennot-Ferrand）地区帕斯卡尔大学的地理学教授让•路可•佩里说，在微气候学上，已经有了一些可见的变化。在该项目中，他放置了30个温度记录仪。佩里教授在接受采访时称：“树木散发水分，形成一个小气候，可以调节日温差。”佩里教授还说：“这些树木在减缓刮风引起的水土流失、降尘和充当巨大屏障方面也都发挥着重要作用，从而阻挡来自撒哈拉沙漠的风沙。”野生动物也得益于这些变化。伯伊士先生说：“候鸟又飞回来了.”

The project uses eight groundwater pumping stations built in 1954, before Senegal achieved its independence from France in 1960. The pumps fill giant basins that provide water for animals, tree nurseries and gardens where fruit and vegetables are grown.

该项目所使用的八个地下水泵站均建于 1954 年，在1960年塞内加尔从法国独立出来之前。水泵把水抽到巨大的蓄水池里，供动物饮用并灌溉苗圃和种植水果蔬菜的园地。

中译英（选自《中国的医疗卫生事业》白皮书）

译文为国新办官方发布英文版。

健康是促进人的全面发展的必然要求。提高人民健康水平，实现病有所医的理想，是人类社会的共同追求。在中国这个有着13亿多人口的发展中大国，医疗卫生关系亿万人民健康，是一个重大民生问题。

Good health is a prerequisite for promoting all-round development of the person. And it is a common pursuit of human societies to improve people’s health and ensure their right to medical care. For China, a large developing country, medical and healthcare is of vital importance to its population of over 1.3 billion, and is a major issue concerning its people’s well being.

中国高度重视保护和增进人民健康。宪法规定，国家发展医疗卫生事业，发展现代医药和传统医药，保护人民健康。

China pays great attention to protecting and improving its people’s health. As the Constitution stipulates, “The state develops medical and health services, promotes modern medicine and traditional Chinese medicine…, all for the protection of the people’s health.

多年来，中国坚持“以农村为重点，预防为主，中西医并重，依靠科技与教育，动员全社会参与，为人民健康服务，为社会主义现代化建设服务”的卫生工作方针，努力发展具有中国特色的医疗卫生事业。

Over the years, China has worked hard to develop its medical and health services with Chinese characteristics in accordance with the policy of “making rural areas the focus of our work, putting disease prevention first, supporting both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, relying on science, technology and education, and mobilizing the whole of society to join the efforts, improving the people’s health and serving socialist modernization.”

经过不懈努力，覆盖城乡的医疗卫生服务体系基本形成，疾病防治能力不断增强，医疗保障覆盖人口逐步扩大，卫生科技水平日益提高，居民健康水平明显改善。

Thanks to unremitting efforts that have been made, medical and healthcare systems covering both urban and rural residents have taken shape, the capabilities of disease prevention and control have been enhanced, the coverage of medical insurance has expanded, continuous progress has been made in medical science and technology, and the people’s health has been remarkably improved.

随着中国工业化、城市化进程和人口老龄化趋势的加快，居民健康面临着传染病和慢性病的双重威胁，公众对医疗卫生服务的需求日益提高。与此同时，中国卫生资源特别是优质资源短缺、分布不均衡的矛盾依然存在，医疗卫生事业改革与发展的任务十分艰巨。

With the quickened pace of the country’s industrialization and urbanization, as well as its increasingly aging population, the Chinese people are facing the dual health threats of infectious and chronic diseases, and the public needs better medical and health services. In the meantime, problems still exist regarding China’s health resources, especially the shortage of high-quality resources and the unbalanced distribution of those resources. China has arduous tasks ahead for reforming and developing its medical and health services.返回搜狐，查看更多