【学术写作】学术论文的语言特征是什么？

Academic writing is formal

The tone used in academic writing is usually formal, meaning that it should not sound conversational or casual. You should particularly avoid colloquial, idiomatic, slang, or journalistic expressionsin favour of precise vocabulary. Informal and colloquial language is often imprecise, so is open to misinterpretation, and can be inaccessible to non-native English speakers.

学术写作的语气通常是正式的，也就是说，文章不应该是会话式的或随意的。要特别避免口语、习惯用语、俚语或新闻用语，使用准确的词汇。非正式语言和口语化语言往往不精确，因此容易引起误解，非英语为母语的人也难以理解。

For example, "international business heavyweights" is too informal. Better wording would be "leading international businesses" if referring to corporations, or "international business leaders" if referring to individuals.

例如，“international business heavyweights”就太不正式了。如果用“leading international businesses”，或者用 “international business leaders”来指代个人，会更好一些。

Academic writing requires that you use full formsrather than contractions. For example, write "do not" instead of "don't", "it is" instead of "it's", "they have" instead of "they've" and "we will" instead of "we'll".

学术写作要求使用完整形式而不是缩写形式。例如，用“do not”代替“don't”，用“it is”代替“it's”，用“they have”代替“they've”，用“we will”代替“we'll”。

练习题预警！！！！

Activity 1

Identify the seveninstances of informal language in the text below.

找出下文七处非正式用语

These results are really quite good. The model fits very well with the data points, as indicated by the R 2 values of 0.32 shown in Table 1 above. But the method used to obtain the best values for a, b, and c wasn't efficient as it involved putting lots of values into an Excel spreadsheet over and over to try and get the lowest R 2 value.

CLICK! 点这里!

These results are resonable. The model fits very well with the data points, as indicated by the R 2 values of 0.32 shown in Table 1 above.

However,the method used to obtain the best values for a, b, and c was notefficient as it involved enteringa large number ofvalues into an Excel spreadsheet repeatedlyto obtainthe lowest R 2 value.

通过对比是不是能更容易看出用词的不同呢~

Academic writing is objective

In general, academic writing is objective. This means it is unbiased, based on facts and evidence and is not influenced by personal feelings. When personal beliefs or emotions influence our writing it is subjective and thus less convincing.

一般来说，学术写作是客观的。这意味着它是公正的，基于事实和证据，不受个人感情的影响。当个人信念或情绪影响到写作时，文章就变得主观了，因此说服力较弱。

Activity 2

Identify the threeinstances of subjective wording in the text below.

找出下文中三处主观词

These results are as we expected. The model fits very well with the data points, as indicated by the R 2 values of 0.32 shown in Table 1 above. However, the method used to obtain the best values for a, b, and c was frustrating as it involved spending long hours entering values into an Excel spreadsheet to obtain the lowest R 2 value.

CLICK! 点这里!

These results are agree with the published /theoretical values.

The model fits very well with the data points, as indicated by the R 2 values of 0.32 shown in Table 1 above.

However, the method used to obtain the best values for a, b, and c was frustrating (This should be deleted as it is the student’s personal reaction)as it involved spending long hours (This is about the student, not the experiment. The point is that it was time-consuming) entering values into an Excel spreadsheet to obtain the lowest R 2 value.

Academic writing is impersonal

Academic language is impersonal in that you generally don't refer to yourself as the performer of actions. This involves avoiding the personal pronouns "I" and "we".For example, instead of writing "I will show", you might write "this report will show". The second person, "you", is also to be avoided.

学术语言是无人称的，因为你通常不会把自己称为动作的执行者。避免人称代词“我”和“我们”。例如，不要写“I will show”，你可以写“this report will show”。也要避免使用第二人称‘you’。

Avoiding personal pronouns

If you need to avoid using the first or second person, in your writing, here are some ways of doing it:

避免人称代词

如果你在写作中需要避免使用第一人称或第二人称，方法如下:

Using passive voice(使用被动语态):

"We administered the questionnaire..." (active voice)

"The questionnaire was administered..." (passive voice)

Using third person（使用第三人称）:

"I discovered that…" becomes "Research reveals that…"

"We can see that…" becomes "It is evident that…"

Making things rather than people the subject of sentences（物做主语）:

"I show..." becomes "The report shows..."

"I interpret the results as..." becomes "The results indicate..."

今天的内容到这里就结束啦

大家开始动笔了嘛！

下期再见啦

-END-

注：文章及图片来源于 ，翻译来自小编~

指导：陈玉蓉

编辑：王晓淅

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