WIFI底层学习路程:iw,cfg80211,mac80211 您所在的位置:网站首页 iwconfig命令 WIFI底层学习路程:iw,cfg80211,mac80211

WIFI底层学习路程:iw,cfg80211,mac80211

#WIFI底层学习路程:iw,cfg80211,mac80211| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

一,如何开启wifi底层学习呢?

茫茫的内核源码怎么找到切入点呢,学习路线通常是从熟悉入门到陌生知识。因此iw工具是入门无线学习的钥匙。学习路线:iw-->cfg80211-->mac80211-->无线驱动(ath9k等),全局概述如下:

二,iw工具开启无线底层大门钥匙

iw是linux系统上的一款无线配置工具,它的出现为了解决iwconfig的很多不足。之所以要更新开发一套无线配置工具,还要从无线拓展(Wireless-Extensions)说起。Wireless-Extensions(简称WE或者Wext)是有Jean Tourrilhes 1997年开发并添加到linux内核的,他通过linux的系统调用ioctl()来实现用户层和内核层之间的通信。由于设计的比较粗糙,使用WE开发的程序难以管理,WE现在除了基本的bugfix之外也无人维护。于是出现了一种新的无线驱动框架来指导无线程序开发,便出现cfg80211和nl80211。cfg80211不再使用ioctl系统调用,而是使用Netlink。iw就是完全基于cfg80211框架重新设计并开发的。

三,源码分析

3,1,iw工作关键流程

//iw工作关键流程 int main(int argc, char **argv) { /*nl80211初始化,nl80211_init(&nlstate)*/ //给netlink socket分配空间 state->nl_sock = nl_socket_alloc(); //连接内核的Generic NetLink genl_connect(state->nl_sock); //获取nl80211的驱动ID state->nl80211_id = genl_ctrl_resolve(state->nl_sock, "nl80211"); /*解析用户输入指令*/ if (strcmp(*argv, "dev") == 0 && argc > 1) { __handle_cmd(&nlstate, II_NETDEV, argc, argv, &cmd); } /*以下是__handle_cmd()函数实现*/ for_each_cmd(sectcmd) { //在__cmd的section中查找cmd的实现 if (strcmp(cmd->name, command) match = cmd; } cmd = match; //cmd结构体赋值(name, handler,...) //申请mesg消息内存 msg = nlmsg_alloc(); //填充msg genlmsg_put(msg, 0, 0, state->nl80211_id, 0,cmd->nl_msg_flags, cmd->cmd, 0); //回调函数初始化,运行cmd定义的handler()函数 cmd->handler(state, msg, argc, argv, idby); //配置回调 nl_socket_set_cb(state->nl_sock, s_cb); //发送msg nl_send_auto_complete(state->nl_sock, msg); //设置事件的具体回调函数 nl_cb_set(cb, NL_CB_VALID, NL_CB_CUSTOM, valid_handler, NULL); //接收msg while(err > 0) { nl_recvmsgs(state->nl_sock, cb); //接收数据,回调函数 } }

3.2,指令实现(interface.c):iw dev wlan0 info

//指令实现(interface.c):iw dev wlan0 info /*关键的结构体以及宏定义*/ struct cmd { const char *name; const char *args; const char *help; const enum nl80211_commands cmd; int nl_msg_flags; int hidden; const enum command_identify_by idby; /* * The handler should return a negative error code, * zero on success, 1 if the arguments were wrong. * Return 2 iff you provide the error message yourself. */ int (*handler)(struct nl80211_state *state, struct nl_msg *msg, int argc, char **argv, enum id_input id); const struct cmd *(*selector)(int argc, char **argv); const struct cmd *parent; } #define TOPLEVEL(_name, _args, _nlcmd, _flags, _idby, _handler, _help) \ struct cmd \ __section ## _ ## _name \ __attribute__((used)) __attribute__((section("__cmd"))) = { \ .name = (#_name), \ .args = (_args), \ .cmd = (_nlcmd), \ .nl_msg_flags = (_flags), \ .idby = (_idby), \ .handler = (_handler), \ .help = (_help), \ } #define COMMAND(section, name, args, cmd, flags, idby, handler, help) \ __COMMAND(&(__section ## _ ## section), name, #name, args, cmd, flags, 0, idby, handler, help, NULL) /*指令:iw dev wlan0 info分析*/ /*TOPLEVEL 来定义 scan操作*/ TOPLEVEL(info, NULL, NL80211_CMD_GET_INTERFACE, 0, CIB_NETDEV, handle_interface_info, "Show information for this interface."); /* 展开后: cmd { .name = info, .args = NULL, .cmd = NL80211_CMD_GET_INTERFACE, .nl_msg_flags = 0, .idby = CIB_NETDEV, .handler = handle_interface_info, .help = "Show information for this interface.", }; */ //cmd->handler() static int handle_interface_info(struct nl80211_state *state, struct nl_msg *msg, int argc, char **argv, enum id_input id) { register_handler(print_iface_handler, NULL); //注册到回调函数--》valid_handler() return 0; } //格式打印msg消息 static int print_iface_handler(struct nl_msg *msg, void *arg) { struct genlmsghdr *gnlh = nlmsg_data(nlmsg_hdr(msg)); printf("%sInterface %s\n", indent, nla_get_string(tb_msg[NL80211_ATTR_IFNAME])); printf("%s\tifindex %d\n", indent, nla_get_u32(tb_msg[NL80211_ATTR_IFINDEX])); //...... return NL_SKIP; }四,iw添加自定义指令

4.1,添加指令:iw dev wlan0 get test_ps

4.1.1,新增test_ps.c

#include #include #include #include #include #include "nl80211.h" #include "iw.h" static int print_test_power_save_handler(struct nl_msg *msg, void *arg) { struct nlattr *attrs[NL80211_ATTR_MAX + 1]; struct genlmsghdr *gnlh = nlmsg_data(nlmsg_hdr(msg)); //获取netlink的payload const char *s; nla_parse(attrs, NL80211_ATTR_MAX, genlmsg_attrdata(gnlh, 0),genlmsg_attrlen(gnlh, 0), NULL); //attrs save data if (!attrs[NL80211_ATTR_PS_STATE]) { return NL_SKIP; } switch (nla_get_u32(attrs[NL80211_ATTR_PS_STATE])) { case NL80211_PS_ENABLED: s = "test_on"; break; case NL80211_PS_DISABLED: default: s = "test_off"; break; } printf("test power save: %s\n", s); return NL_SKIP; } static int get_test_power_save(struct nl80211_state *state, struct nl_msg *msg, int argc, char **argv, enum id_input id) { register_handler(print_test_power_save_handler, NULL); return 0; } COMMAND(get, test_ps, "", NL80211_CMD_GET_POWER_SAVE, 0, CIB_NETDEV, get_test_power_save, "Retrieve test power save state.");

4.1.2,修改Makefile

4.1.3,测试结果

root@:~# ./iw dev wlan0 get test_ps test power save: test_off五,总结

经过对iw工具源码的分析,可以发现解耦性很强,具体的指令实现都是通过某个C文件来实现(如扫描相关的scan.c,如接口相关的interface.c等),并使用了section的方式新增到用户自定义字段中,调用前无需声明,直接通过for_each_cmd()方式查找。接下来的文章将对cfg80211,mac80211相关知识整理,欢迎订阅公众号【从零开始学无线】,一起学习交流!



【本文地址】

公司简介

联系我们

今日新闻

    推荐新闻

    专题文章
      CopyRight 2018-2019 实验室设备网 版权所有