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区别辨析hurt、injure、wound、harm、damage与disable 2021年3月7日 口语与词汇 微信关注：田间小站hurt、injure、wound、harm、damage与disable这些动词均有“损害、伤害”之意。 hurt : 普通用词，较口语化，侧重指给有生命的东西造成机体上或精神、感情上的或轻或重的伤害。 Tell me where it hurts. 告诉我哪儿疼。 My head hurts. 我的头疼。 She says that her ear hurts her. 她说她的耳朵疼。 Emma hurt her back when she fell off her horse. 埃玛从马上摔下来，背部受了伤。 Several people were seriously/badly hurt in the explosion. 有数人在这次爆炸中受了重伤。 She criticized my writing quite severely and that hurt. 她很严厉地批评了我写的东西，让我很伤心。 He was badly hurt by the end of his marriage. 婚姻的结束深深地伤害了他。 injure较hurt正式，多用于有生命的事物。既可指伤害别人的事物。即可指伤害别人的健康、外貌、自尊心、名誉等，又可指使别人受伤或东西受损，同时含有受伤害部分至少暂时丧失功能的意味。 A bomb exploded at the embassy, injuring several people. 一颗炸弹在大使馆爆炸，造成数人受伤。 She fell and injured her shoulder. 她摔伤了肩膀。 He was badly injured in the crash. 他在车祸中受了重伤。 He claimed that working too hard was injuring his health. 他声称工作过度辛劳损害了他的健康。wound : 专指对身体的重伤，尤指在战斗中受的伤，强调外部创伤；也可指精神方面的伤害。 Flying glass wounded her in the face and neck. 飞溅的玻璃划伤了她的脸和颈部。 The police chief was badly wounded in the explosion. 警长在爆炸中受了重伤。harm : 主要用于有生命的东西，语气略强于injure，指引起严重的痛苦和损伤；有时也用于抽象事物，指造成任何不良后果。 Thankfully no one was harmed in the accident. 谢天谢地，没有人在事故中受伤。 The government's reputation has already been harmed by a series of scandals. 政府的声誉已因一系列丑闻受到了损害。damage : 通常指对无生命物体的损害，并有降低其价值，破坏其功能等的后果。 Many buildings were badly damaged during the war. 许多建筑物在战争中严重受损。 It was a scandal that damaged a lot of reputations. 这是一桩使人名誉扫地的丑闻。disable : 强调使伤残。 She was disabled in the accident. 她在那次事故中致残。 词汇辨析 |
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