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rain, a rain, the rain 说到下雨,英文有时说 rain,有时说 the rain,甚至还可以用不定冠词的“a”,来放在rain的前面,这些说法到底有什么分别?
【解答】一般是把“雨”当作物质名词(Material Noun)看待,所以前面不加冠词,单说rain就行了。如Maugham的一个短篇小说的题名就是Rain。英文的water, air, smoke 等都是物质名词,rain 算作物质名词,自然也很合理。不过物质名词常可变成普通名词,变性之后就可以加用不定冠词或说成复数,如hair, hairs; cake, cakes; poison, poisons; food, foods; gas, gases: brick, bricks 等,但 gold, platinum, oxygen, hydrogen 等字,则从来不会变成普通名词的。 为什么有时又加用定冠词的“the”呢? 这大概是受了 the sun, the sky 用法的影响,但大都又决不是限定的意思,所以“微雨” 译作: Rain is falling lightly. 或 The rain is falling lightly. 都可以,当然最好是说:It is raining lightly. 在rain 前如果用有形容词的时候,就一定要加用不定冠词的 “a”了。“大雨”或“豪雨”说 a heavy rain, 实为a heavy fall of rain 的节约说法。例如: I put off my departure on account of a heavy rain. (我因大雨面延期出发。)
至于中国话的“甘露”,可译作 a welcome rain, “红雨” 可译作a rain of falling blossoms,“弹雨”可译作a rain of bullets。“泪如雨下”,可译作a rain of tears。
就rain 的无冠词及有冠词的三种用法分别举例如下; (一)不加冠词的: It looks like rain. (好象要下附的样子。) Rain has set in. (下起雨来了。) Rain was scarce. (雨量缺少。) We shall have rain. (要下雨了。) The farmers want rain. (农夫要雨。) Rain came down in torrents. (倾盆大雨。)
(二)加用冠词the的: Here comes the rain! (雨来了。) I was caught in the rain. (我遇到雨了。) The rain cleared off. (雨停了。) The rain shut us up in the cabin. (因雨我们只好关在小屋里。)
(三)加用冠词a的: A sharp rain was beating against the window-panes and the quilt was not warm enough. (冷雨被窗被未温。) A cold rain was drizzling down. (冷雨濛濛而降。) A heavy rain visited the city. (城里下了大雨。) A gentle rain is falling on the grass. (和雨降在芳草上面)。 When the sun shines through a light rain, it makes a rainbow. (太阳照过细雨,便要现出彩虹来。)
在rain 前既可以加不定冠词的“a”,自然也可以变成复数了,例如: The river rises after heavy rains. (几场豪雨之后河水高涨。) It was visited by abundant rains. (它遭受大雨袭击。) |
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