seldom,rarely,scarcely,hardly,barely有什么区别

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rarely,很少地，难得地，少见地 seldom,表示频率，很少，不常，反义词often hardly 几乎不，简直不= almost not ,强调困难 scarcely = hardly 几乎不，简直没有，仅仅，刚刚,用在be/助动词后，强调数量和程度的不足 barely 仅仅，刚刚，几乎不能，强调勉强够数是否可以解决您的问题？

Hardly 和一个否定词在一起的用法在标准英语中应尽量避免， 一些批评学家一直怀疑象hardly，rarely 和 scarcely 这样的副词在传统的双重否定的句中应被视为否定词， 这样的词使句子象I couldn't hardly see him 和 I didn't get none 一样被弄糟了， 他们争论说，毕竟句子Mary hardly laughed 的意思是玛丽的确笑了， 而不是她没笑，所以不表示否定的建议。但是hardly 和 scarcely 和其他的否定表示一起在许多方面出现， 举例说，他们和象any 和 at all 这样独特的和否定上下文联络的条目组合在一起， 我们说I hardly saw him at all 或 I never saw him at all , 但并不是I oasionally saw him at all； 我们说I hardly had any time 或 I didn't have any time 但不是I had any time 等。 象其它否定副词，hardly 在句子开头时引起主语和助动词的倒装， 于是我们说Hardly had I arrived when she left， 和 Never have I read such a book 或 At no time has he condemned the movement. 等同样的句型。 别的副词并不用这样的倒装：我们不能说Oasionally has he addressed this question 或 To a slight degree have they changed their position 。 事实是象hardly 这样的副词语义上是否定的， 他们限定修饰了与不发生有关的状态或事件。于是hardly 的意思大概是“几乎根本不”； rarely 的意思大概是“实际上没有”；等等。

Strictly speaking, the use of ever after rarely and seldom is redundant;She rarely ever watches television adds nothing toShe rarely watches television. In an earlier survey a large majority of the Usage Panel found this construction unaeptable in formal writing. But ever has been used as an intensive with rarely for several hundred years, and the construction is mon in informal contexts. By contrast, the constructions rarely (or seldom) if ever and rarely (or seldom) or never are unexceptionable:She rarely if ever watches television.She rarely or never watches television.See: hardly redundancyThe use of hardly with a negative is avoided in Standard English. Some critics have been puzzled that adverbs such as hardly, rarely, and scarcely should be treated as negatives in the traditional strictures against double negation, which tars sentences like I couldn't hardly see him with the same brush as I didn't get none. After all, they argue, the sentence Mary hardly laughed entails that Mary did laugh, not that she didn't, and therefore does not express a negative proposition. But hardly and scarcely our with other negative expressions in a number of ways. For one thing, they bine with items such as any and at all, which are characteristically associated with negative contexts: we say I hardly saw him at allor I never saw him at all but not I oasionally saw him at all;we say I hardly had any time or I didn't have any timebut not I had any time, and so on. Like other negative adverbs, hardlytriggers inversion of the subject and auxiliary when it begins a sentence. Thus we say Hardly had I arrived when she left, on the pattern of Never have I read such a book or At no time has he condemned the movement. Such inversion is not used with other adverbs: we would not say Oasionally has he addressed this question or To a slight degree have they changed their position. The fact is that adverbs such as hardly are semantically negative in that they qualify a state or an event relative to the limiting case of nonourrence. Thus the meaning of hardly is, roughly, 揳lmost not at all? the meaning of rarely is 损ractically never? and so forth. These adverbs are felt to have a negative ponent in their meaning, and it should not be surprising that grammarians have reacted to binations of hardly with negatives in the same way that they have reacted to binations of pairs of negatives such as not and none.See: double negative rarely scarcelyScarcely has the force of a negative and is therefore regarded as incorrectly used with another negative, as in I couldn't scarcely believe it. ?A clause following scarcely is correctly introduced by when or before; the use of than, though mon, is still unaeptable to some grammarians: The meeting had scarcely begun when (or before but not than) it was interrupted.See: double negative hardly

rarely ad. 意为“ 很少”，与seldom用法相同；hardly ad. 意为“几乎不，简直不”，与scarcely用法相同。rarely，hardly均为否定词，置于句首时语序要倒装。Rarely/Seldom have I heard such a strange story.Hardly/Scarcely had I left home when it began to rain.

no sooner..than是一...就...的意思.必须要倒装一般句型是on sooner had ... done than...这是部分倒装hardly...when的意思和用法和no sooner..than 是一样的.只要记住不要用成hardly..than就可以了scarcely是副词是几乎不的意思.和这两个短语意思不一样而且不用倒装

I can hardly understand you. 我不太懂你的话.He hardly listened to me. 他几乎不听我的话.There is hardly/scarcely any time left. 几乎没有剩余的时间.He had hardly left home when it began to rain.雨开始下的时候, 他几乎没有出门. 表示他刚要出门,雨就开始下了.I barely arrive in time. 我正好及时赶到.综上,He barely passed the exam.意思是 他差点没能通过考试. 但还是勉强通过了.He hardly passed the exam.意思是 他几乎不能通过考试.否定成分更重一些.表示这种困难程度超出了他的能力极限.

hardly,ad. 几乎不，决不，费力地，严厉地scarcely,ad. 仅仅，几乎不，简直没有barely,ad. 仅仅，几乎不，勉强

这几个副词都含有“几乎”的意思,如barely,hardly,carcely ,区分如下：

barely意为“仅仅,刚好,正好”,表示肯定意义,常和enough,sufficient等词连用,如be barely enough勉强够；

hardly意为“几乎不”,强调几乎不可能,表示否定意义,常和情态动词can,could连用,如could hardly see几乎看不见；

scarcely意为“几乎不,几乎没有”,强调频度或数量不足,如scarcely ever used the generator几乎从未用过这台发动机

Hardly 和一个否定词在一起的用法在标准英语中应尽量避免， 一些批评学家一直怀疑象hardly，rarely 和 scarcely 这样的副词在传统的双重否定的句中应被视为否定词， 这样的词使句子象I couldn't hardly see him 和 I didn't get none 一样被弄糟了， 他们争论说，毕竟句子Mary hardly laughed 的意思是玛丽的确笑了， 而不是她没笑，所以不表示否定的建议。但是hardly 和 scarcely 和其他的否定表示一起在许多方面出现， 举例说，他们和象any 和 at all 这样独特的和否定上下文联络的条目组合在一起， 我们说I hardly saw him at all 或 I never saw him at all , 但并不是I oasionally saw him at all； 我们说I hardly had any time 或 I didn't have any time 但不是I had any time 等。 象其它否定副词，hardly 在句子开头时引起主语和助动词的倒装，， 于是我们说Hardly had I arrived when she left， 和 Never have I read such a book 或 At no time has he condemned the movement. 等同样的句型。 别的副词并不用这样的倒装：我们不能说Oasionally has he addressed this question 或 To a slight degree have they changed their position 。 事实是象hardly 这样的副词语义上是否定的， 他们限定修饰了与不发生有关的状态或事件。于是hardly 的意思大概是“几乎根本不”； rarely 的意思大概是“实际上没有”；等等。

由于hardly, barely和scarcely等本身是否定词，所以不可与not或never 连用。

Scarcely 有否定的意味，因此当它与另一否定形式一起用时被认为是不正确的， 就如在I couldn't scarcely believe it 中。barelyadv.（副词）By a very little; hardly:仅仅；几乎没有：could barely see the road in the fog.在雾中几乎不能看清路In a scanty manner; sparsely:简陋地；很少：a barely furnished room.陈设简陋的房间Hardly 和一个否定词在一起的用法在标准英语中应尽量避免， 一些批评学家一直怀疑象hardly，rarely 和 scarcely 这样的副词在传统的双重否定的句中应被视为否定词， 这样的词使句子象I couldn't hardly see him 和 I didn't get none 一样被弄糟了， 他们争论说，毕竟句子Mary hardly laughed 的意思是玛丽的确笑了， 而不是她没笑，所以不表示否定的建议。但是hardly 和 scarcely 和其他的否定表示一起在许多方面出现， 举例说，他们和象any 和 at all 这样独特的和否定上下文联络的条目组合在一起， 我们说I hardly saw him at all 或 I never saw him at all , 但并不是I oasionally saw him at all； 我们说I hardly had any time 或 I didn't have any time 但不是I had any time 等。 象其它否定副词，hardly 在句子开头时引起主语和助动词的倒装， 于是我们说Hardly had I arrived when she left， 和 Never have I read such a book 或 At no time has he condemned the movement. 等同样的句型。 别的副词并不用这样的倒装：我们不能说Oasionally has he addressed this question 或 To a slight degree have they changed their position 。 事实是象hardly 这样的副词语义上是否定的， 他们限定修饰了与不发生有关的状态或事件。于是hardly 的意思大概是“几乎根本不”； rarely 的意思大概是“实际上没有”；等等。

1.hardlyadv.（副词）Barely; just.几乎没有；仅仅：刚刚To almost no degree; almost not:几乎不：任何程度上几乎不；几乎没有：I could hardly hear the speaker.我几乎听不到演说者的声音Probably or almost surely not:可能或几乎肯定不：“Easily was a man made an infidel, but hardly might he be converted to another faith”(T.E. Lawrence)“一个人可以轻易地变为不信宗教的人，但几乎不可能转而相信另外一种信仰”(T.E.劳伦斯)With severity; harshly.严厉地；粗鲁地With great difficulty; painfully.非常困难地；痛苦地2.barely[5bZEli]adv.几乎不能:仅仅, 刚刚,By a very little; hardly:仅仅；几乎没有：could barely see the road in the fog.在雾中几乎不能看清路In a scanty manner; sparsely:简陋地；很少：a barely furnished room.陈设简陋的房间3.scarcelyadv.几乎不, 简直没有By a ... all margin; barely:刚刚；才：We scarely made it in time.我们刚刚赶到Almost not; hardly:几乎不；简直不：We scarcely ever used the reserve generator.我们几乎从未用过这台备用发动机Certainly not:决不：They could scarcely plain after such good treatment.在受到如此好的待遇后他们决不会抱怨

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