any后面接名词用单数与复数的区别

多数词典（如《牛津》《麦克米伦》）都提及，any表示不确切的少量时，主要用于否定句和疑问句，此时后接不可数名词或复数名词。表示三个或以上的总体中的任一个时，用于陈述句，后接单数名词。但以下二个句子均为词典例句，均为陈述句，为什么其中一个为any +复数名词呢？

Any teacher will tell you that students learn at different rates. 任何老师都知道学生学习有快有慢。

Any girls who want to leave may do so.

首先我们看一下《韦氏词典》对any的注释之一。

any : one, some, or all indiscriminately of whatever quantity:

a : one or more —used to indicate an undetermined number or amount 

Do you have any money?

b : all —used to indicate a maximum or whole 

He needs any help he can get.

该词典认为，any表示量的意义时，可以是一个、一些或全部。红色部分为全部意义的解释和例句。注意例句中的any help后接限制性定语。

结合《韦氏词典》和其它词典的解释，我们可以推知，在陈述句中any后接名词时，如果这个名词没有限制性定语，则该名词为类指用法，即any表示该名词所代表的人或事物中的任何一个。此时该名词需用单数形式（any+单数名词表示类指）。如果该名词后接限制性定语，则该名词为泛指用法。此时，该名词可以用单数，也可以用复数（即被限制性定语所限制的这个范围内的人或事物的任一个、一些或全部）

现在看网友的两个句子。teacher后没有限制性定语，any teacher为类指用法。此时不可用复数any teachers。girls后接限制性定语从句，any girls who为泛指用法，指特定范围内的一个、一些或全部，此时也可以用单数any girl who. 仍为泛指用法。例如：

Any girl who wants to leave may do so.

以下为COCA语料库中any +复数名词+限制性定语用于陈述句的例句：

Any girls born that year would, by tradition, have been fated to make men unhappy

 I want to know about any girls reported missing since yesterday.

It is necessary to exercise extreme caution when using the test with any children from those categories.

As a result of this curse, she set about devouring any children she came across, in perverse vengeance for having lost her own. 

Eric's parents, who, according to him, could scarcely be regarded as enthusiastic churchgoers, now developed a strong feeling that any children that might result from our marriage ought to be brought up as members of the Church of England. 

I spat out the mouthful of mud and looked around for any children who had survived.

He can go to a local manufacturer and get uniforms in a day or two for 

any children who register late or who need extra-small or extra-large uniforms.

以下为语料库中any+单数名词+限制性定语用于陈述句的例句（例句很多，仅举二列）：

You know, in this situation, any child who was victimized by this person would have shown some signs. 

Any child who grew up going to Hollywood's movies about the Wild West can tell you that Texas was full of cowboys and Indians and horses.