Useful clock skew scheduling based on particle swarm optimization

［1］ RABAEY J M, CHANDRAKASAN A, NIKOLIC B. Digital integrated circuits ［M］. 2nd ed. New Jersey: PrenticeHall, 2003: 495502,672692. ［2］ RESTLE P J, MCNAMARA T G, WEBBER D A, et al. A clock distribution network for microprocessors ［J］. IEEE Journal of SolidState Circuits, 2001, 36(5): 792799. ［3］ VENKATARAMAN G, JAYAKUMAR N, HU J, et al. Practical techniques to reduce skew and its variations in buffered clock networks ［C］∥ Proceedings of 2005 IEEE/ACM International Conference on ComputerAided Design. San Jose: IEEE, 2005: 592596. ［4］ WASON V, MURGAI R, WALKER W W. An efficient uncertainty and skewaware methodology for clock tree synthesis ［C］∥ Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on VLSI Design, Held Jointly with 6th International Conference on Embedded System. Los Alamitos: IEEE, 2007: 271277. ［5］ KOURTEV I S, FRIEDMAN E G. Timing optimization through clock skew scheduling ［M］. Norwell: Kluwer, 2000: 9096. ［6］ NAWALE V, CHEN T W. Optimal useful clock skew scheduling in the presence of variations using robust ILP formulations ［C］∥ Proceedings of 2006 IEEE/ACM International Conference on ComputerAided Design. San Jose: ACM, 2006: 2732. ［7］ FISHBURN J P. Clock skew optimization ［J］. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 1990, 39(7): 945951. ［8］ DEOKAR R B, SAPATNEKAR S S. A graphtheoretic approach to clock skew optimization ［C］∥ Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS). London: IEEE, 1994: 407410. ［9］ BURNS S M. Performance analysis and optimization of asynchronous circuits ［D］. Pasadena: California Institute of Technology, 1991. ［10］ RAVINDRAN K, KUEHLMANN A, SENTOVICH E. Multidomain clock skew scheduling ［C］∥ Proceedings of 21th International Conference on ComputerAided Design. Washington, D.C.: ACM, 2003: 801808. ［11］ KENNEDY J, EBERHART R. Particle swarm optimization ［C］∥ Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks. Perth: IEEE, 1995: 19421948. ［12］ SHI Y, EBERHART R. A modified particle swarm optimizer ［C］∥ Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computation, IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence. Anchorage: IEEE, 1998: 6973. ［13］ HWANGCHERNG C, SHUHSIEN C. High performance sense amplifier circuit for low power SRAM applications ［C］∥ Proceedings of the 2004 International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. Vancouver: IEEE, 2004: 741744. ［14］ SUNDARAM S, ELAKKUMANAN P, SRIDHAR R. High speed robust current sense amplifier for nanoscale memories: a winner take all approach ［C］∥ Proceedings of 19th International Conference on VLSI Design, Held Jointly with 5th International Conference on Embedded System and Design. Hyderabad: IEEE, 2006: 6. ［15］ TAWDROSS P, KONIG A. Local parameters particle swarm optimization ［C］∥ Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems. Auckland: IEEE, 2006: 5255. ［16］ ZIELINSKI K, LAUR R. Adaptive parameter setting for a multiobjective particle swarm optimization algorithm ［C］∥ Proceedings of IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation. Canberra: IEEE, 2007: 30193026.