Android照片墙应用实现，再多的图片也不怕崩溃

2023-04-09 09:22| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

本文共 20623 字，大约阅读时间需要 68 分钟。

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照片墙这种功能现在应该算是挺常见了，在很多应用中你都可以经常看到照片墙的身影。它的设计思路其实也非常简单，用一个GridView控件当作“墙”，然后随着GridView的滚动将一张张照片贴在“墙”上，这些照片可以是手机本地中存储的，也可以是从网上下载的。制作类似于这种的功能的应用，有一个非常重要的问题需要考虑，就是图片资源何时应该释放。因为随着GridView的滚动，加载的图片可能会越来越多，如果没有一种合理的机制对图片进行释放，那么当图片达到一定上限时，程序就必然会崩溃。

今天我们照片墙应用的实现，重点也是放在了如何防止由于图片过多导致程序崩溃上面。主要的核心算法使用了Android中提供的LruCache类，这个类是3.1版本中提供的，如果你是在更早的Android版本中开发，则需要导入android-support-v4的jar包。

关于LruCache用法的详细讲解，可以参考。

那我们开始动手吧，新建一个Android项目，起名叫PhotoWallDemo，这里我使用的是Android 4.0的API。

第一个要考虑的问题就是，我们从哪儿去收集这么多的图片呢？这里我从谷歌官方提供的Demo里将图片源取了出来，我们就从这些网址中下载图片，代码如下所示：

[java] public class Images { public final static String[] imageThumbUrls = new String[] { "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-55osAWw3x0Q/URquUtcFr5I/AAAAAAAAAbs/rWlj1RUKrYI/s160-c/A%252520Photographer.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/--dq8niRp7W4/URquVgmXvgI/AAAAAAAAAbs/-gnuLQfNnBA/s160-c/A%252520Song%252520of%252520Ice%252520and%252520Fire.jpg", "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-7qZeDtRKFKc/URquWZT1gOI/AAAAAAAAAbs/hqWgteyNXsg/s160-c/Another%252520Rockaway%252520Sunset.jpg", "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/--L0Km39l5J8/URquXHGcdNI/AAAAAAAAAbs/3ZrSJNrSomQ/s160-c/Antelope%252520Butte.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-8HO-4vIFnlw/URquZnsFgtI/AAAAAAAAAbs/WT8jViTF7vw/s160-c/Antelope%252520Hallway.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-WIuWgVcU3Qw/URqubRVcj4I/AAAAAAAAAbs/YvbwgGjwdIQ/s160-c/Antelope%252520Walls.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-UBmLbPELvoQ/URqucCdv0kI/AAAAAAAAAbs/IdNhr2VQoQs/s160-c/Apre%2525CC%252580s%252520la%252520Pluie.jpg", "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-s-AFpvgSeew/URquc6dF-JI/AAAAAAAAAbs/Mt3xNGRUd68/s160-c/Backlit%252520Cloud.jpg", "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-bvmif9a9YOQ/URquea3heHI/AAAAAAAAAbs/rcr6wyeQtAo/s160-c/Bee%252520and%252520Flower.jpg", "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-n7mdm7I7FGs/URqueT_BT-I/AAAAAAAAAbs/9MYmXlmpSAo/s160-c/Bonzai%252520Rock%252520Sunset.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-4CN4X4t0M1k/URqufPozWzI/AAAAAAAAAbs/8wK41lg1KPs/s160-c/Caterpillar.jpg", "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-rrFnVC8xQEg/URqufdrLBaI/AAAAAAAAAbs/s69WYy_fl1E/s160-c/Chess.jpg", "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-WVpRptWH8Yw/URqugh-QmDI/AAAAAAAAAbs/E-MgBgtlUWU/s160-c/Chihuly.jpg", "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-0BDXkYmckbo/URquhKFW84I/AAAAAAAAAbs/ogQtHCTk2JQ/s160-c/Closed%252520Door.jpg", "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-PyggXXZRykM/URquh-kVvoI/AAAAAAAAAbs/hFtDwhtrHHQ/s160-c/Colorado%252520River%252520Sunset.jpg", "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-ZAs4dNZtALc/URquikvOCWI/AAAAAAAAAbs/DXz4h3dll1Y/s160-c/Colors%252520of%252520Autumn.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-GztnWEIiMz8/URqukVCU7bI/AAAAAAAAAbs/jo2Hjv6MZ6M/s160-c/Countryside.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-bEg9EZ9QoiM/URquklz3FGI/AAAAAAAAAbs/UUuv8Ac2BaE/s160-c/Death%252520Valley%252520-%252520Dunes.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-ijQJ8W68tEE/URqulGkvFEI/AAAAAAAAAbs/zPXvIwi_rFw/s160-c/Delicate%252520Arch.jpg", "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-Oh8mMy2ieng/URqullDwehI/AAAAAAAAAbs/TbdeEfsaIZY/s160-c/Despair.jpg", "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-gl0y4UiAOlk/URqumC_KjBI/AAAAAAAAAbs/PM1eT7dn4oo/s160-c/Eagle%252520Fall%252520Sunrise.jpg", "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-hYYHd2_vXPQ/URqumtJa9eI/AAAAAAAAAbs/wAalXVkbSh0/s160-c/Electric%252520Storm.jpg", "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-PyY_yiyjPTo/URqunUOhHFI/AAAAAAAAAbs/azZoULNuJXc/s160-c/False%252520Kiva.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-PYvLVdvXywk/URqunwd8hfI/AAAAAAAAAbs/qiMwgkFvf6I/s160-c/Fitzgerald%252520Streaks.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-KIR_UobIIqY/URquoCZ9SlI/AAAAAAAAAbs/Y4d4q8sXu4c/s160-c/Foggy%252520Sunset.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-9lzOk_OWZH0/URquoo4xYoI/AAAAAAAAAbs/AwgzHtNVCwU/s160-c/Frantic.jpg", "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-0X3JNaKaz48/URqupH78wpI/AAAAAAAAAbs/lHXxu_zbH8s/s160-c/Golden%252520Gate%252520Afternoon.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-95sb5ag7ABc/URqupl95RDI/AAAAAAAAAbs/g73R20iVTRA/s160-c/Golden%252520Gate%252520Fog.jpg", "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-JB9v6rtgHhk/URqup21F-zI/AAAAAAAAAbs/64Fb8qMZWXk/s160-c/Golden%252520Grass.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-EIBGfnuLtII/URquqVHwaRI/AAAAAAAAAbs/FA4McV2u8VE/s160-c/Grand%252520Teton.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-WoMxZvmN9nY/URquq1v2AoI/AAAAAAAAAbs/grj5uMhL6NA/s160-c/Grass%252520Closeup.jpg", "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-6hZiEHXx64Q/URqurxvNdqI/AAAAAAAAAbs/kWMXM3o5OVI/s160-c/Green%252520Grass.jpg", "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-6LVb9OXtQ60/URquteBFuKI/AAAAAAAAAbs/4F4kRgecwFs/s160-c/Hanging%252520Leaf.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-zAvf__52ONk/URqutT_IuxI/AAAAAAAAAbs/D_bcuc0thoU/s160-c/Highway%2525201.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-H4SrUg615rA/URquuL27fXI/AAAAAAAAAbs/4aEqJfiMsOU/s160-c/Horseshoe%252520Bend%252520Sunset.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-JhFi4fb_Pqw/URquuX-QXbI/AAAAAAAAAbs/IXpYUxuweYM/s160-c/Horseshoe%252520Bend.jpg", "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-UGgssvFRJ7g/URquueyJzGI/AAAAAAAAAbs/yYIBlLT0toM/s160-c/Into%252520the%252520Blue.jpg", "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-CH7KoupI7uI/URquu0FF__I/AAAAAAAAAbs/R7GDmI7v_G0/s160-c/Jelly%252520Fish%2525202.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-pwuuw6yhg8U/URquvPxR3FI/AAAAAAAAAbs/VNGk6f-tsGE/s160-c/Jelly%252520Fish%2525203.jpg", 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"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-PO4E-xZKAnQ/URqvGRqjYkI/AAAAAAAAAbs/42nyADFsXag/s160-c/The%252520Fisherman.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-iLyZlzfdy7s/URqvG0YScdI/AAAAAAAAAbs/1J9eDKmkXtk/s160-c/The%252520Night%252520is%252520Coming.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-G-k7YkkUco0/URqvHhah6fI/AAAAAAAAAbs/_taQQG7t0vo/s160-c/The%252520Road.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-h-ALJt7kSus/URqvIThqYfI/AAAAAAAAAbs/ejiv35olWS8/s160-c/Tokyo%252520Heights.jpg", "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-Hy9k-TbS7xg/URqvIjQMOxI/AAAAAAAAAbs/RSpmmOATSkg/s160-c/Tokyo%252520Highway.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-83oOvMb4OZs/URqvJL0T7lI/AAAAAAAAAbs/c5TECZ6RONM/s160-c/Tokyo%252520Smog.jpg", "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-FB-jfgREEfI/URqvJI3EXAI/AAAAAAAAAbs/XfyweiRF4v8/s160-c/Tufa%252520at%252520Night.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-vngKD5Z1U8w/URqvJUCEgPI/AAAAAAAAAbs/ulxCMVcU6EU/s160-c/Valley%252520Sunset.jpg", "https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-DOz5I2E2oMQ/URqvKMND1kI/AAAAAAAAAbs/Iqf0IsInleo/s160-c/Windmill%252520Sunrise.jpg", "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-biyiyWcJ9MU/URqvKculiAI/AAAAAAAAAbs/jyPsCplJOpE/s160-c/Windmill.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-PDT167_xRdA/URqvK36mLcI/AAAAAAAAAbs/oi2ik9QseMI/s160-c/Windmills.jpg", "https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-kI_QdYx7VlU/URqvLXCB6gI/AAAAAAAAAbs/N31vlZ6u89o/s160-c/Yet%252520Another%252520Rockaway%252520Sunset.jpg", "https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-e9NHZ5k5MSs/URqvMIBZjtI/AAAAAAAAAbs/1fV810rDNfQ/s160-c/Yosemite%252520Tree.jpg", }; } 图片源已经有了，现在我们就该考虑在哪里放置这些图片了。新建或打开activity_main.xml作为程序的主布局，加入如下代码： [html]

可以看到，我们在这个布局文件中仅加入了一个GridView，这也就是我们程序中的“墙”，所有的图片都将贴在这个“墙”上。

接着我们定义GridView中每一个子View的布局，新建一个photo_layout.xml布局，加入如下代码：

[html] 在每一个子View中我们就简单使用了一个ImageView来显示一张图片。这样所有的布局就已经定义好了。

接下来新建PhotoWallAdapter做为GridView的适配器，代码如下所示：

[java] public class PhotoWallAdapter extends ArrayAdapter implements OnScrollListener { /** * 记录所有正在下载或等待下载的任务。 */ private Set taskCollection; /** * 图片缓存技术的核心类，用于缓存所有下载好的图片，在程序内存达到设定值时会将最少最近使用的图片移除掉。 */ private LruCache mMemoryCache; /** * GridView的实例 */ private GridView mPhotoWall; /** * 第一张可见图片的下标 */ private int mFirstVisibleItem; /** * 一屏有多少张图片可见 */ private int mVisibleItemCount; /** * 记录是否刚打开程序，用于解决进入程序不滚动屏幕，不会下载图片的问题。 */ private boolean isFirstEnter = true; public PhotoWallAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId, String[] objects, GridView photoWall) { super(context, textViewResourceId, objects); mPhotoWall = photoWall; taskCollection = new HashSet(); // 获取应用程序最大可用内存 int maxMemory = (int) Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory(); int cacheSize = maxMemory / 8; // 设置图片缓存大小为程序最大可用内存的1/8 mMemoryCache = new LruCache(cacheSize) { @Override protected int sizeOf(String key, Bitmap bitmap) { return bitmap.getByteCount(); } }; mPhotoWall.setOnScrollListener(this); } @Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { final String url = getItem(position); View view; if (convertView == null) { view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(R.layout.photo_layout, null); } else { view = convertView; } final ImageView photo = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.photo); // 给ImageView设置一个Tag，保证异步加载图片时不会乱序 photo.setTag(url); setImageView(url, photo); return view; } /** * 给ImageView设置图片。首先从LruCache中取出图片的缓存，设置到ImageView上。如果LruCache中没有该图片的缓存， * 就给ImageView设置一张默认图片。 * * @param imageUrl * 图片的URL地址，用于作为LruCache的键。 * @param imageView * 用于显示图片的控件。 */ private void setImageView(String imageUrl, ImageView imageView) { Bitmap bitmap = getBitmapFromMemoryCache(imageUrl); if (bitmap != null) { imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap); } else { imageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.empty_photo); } } /** * 将一张图片存储到LruCache中。 * * @param key * LruCache的键，这里传入图片的URL地址。 * @param bitmap * LruCache的键，这里传入从网络上下载的Bitmap对象。 */ public void addBitmapToMemoryCache(String key, Bitmap bitmap) { if (getBitmapFromMemoryCache(key) == null) { mMemoryCache.put(key, bitmap); } } /** * 从LruCache中获取一张图片，如果不存在就返回null。 * * @param key * LruCache的键，这里传入图片的URL地址。 * @return 对应传入键的Bitmap对象，或者null。 */ public Bitmap getBitmapFromMemoryCache(String key) { return mMemoryCache.get(key); } @Override public void onScrollStateChanged(AbsListView view, int scrollState) { // 仅当GridView静止时才去下载图片，GridView滑动时取消所有正在下载的任务 if (scrollState == SCROLL_STATE_IDLE) { loadBitmaps(mFirstVisibleItem, mVisibleItemCount); } else { cancelAllTasks(); } } @Override public void onScroll(AbsListView view, int firstVisibleItem, int visibleItemCount, int totalItemCount) { mFirstVisibleItem = firstVisibleItem; mVisibleItemCount = visibleItemCount; // 下载的任务应该由onScrollStateChanged里调用，但首次进入程序时onScrollStateChanged并不会调用， // 因此在这里为首次进入程序开启下载任务。 if (isFirstEnter && visibleItemCount > 0) { loadBitmaps(firstVisibleItem, visibleItemCount); isFirstEnter = false; } } /** * 加载Bitmap对象。此方法会在LruCache中检查所有屏幕中可见的ImageView的Bitmap对象， * 如果发现任何一个ImageView的Bitmap对象不在缓存中，就会开启异步线程去下载图片。 * * @param firstVisibleItem * 第一个可见的ImageView的下标 * @param visibleItemCount * 屏幕中总共可见的元素数 */ private void loadBitmaps(int firstVisibleItem, int visibleItemCount) { try { for (int i = firstVisibleItem; i

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