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oracle DG 简介
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Oracle DataGuard；简称DG。是由一个Primary Database（主库）和一个或者多个Standby Database（备库）组成。对Oracle来说；本身不能提高性能。通过数据冗余来保护数据。由Primary Database对外提供服务；用户操作在Primary Database上操作；其操作的数据库Redo Log或者Archive log通过网络传输到Standby Database。Standby Database在重做这些日志。从而实现Primary Database和Standby Database数据同步。 架构图如下：
Oracle DataGuard中的Standby库有两种：物理Standby和逻辑Standby。 逻辑Standby接收后将其转换成SQL语句，在Standby数据库上执行SQL语句实现同步，这种方式叫SQL Apply。 物理Standby接收完Primary数据库生成的REDO数据后，以介质恢复的方式实现同步，这种方式也叫Redo Apply。 2|0二. Oracle DataGuard搭建安装规划： IP ROLE 192.168.1.235 Primary 192.168.1.221 Standby 2|12.1. 主库设置归档模式 alter database archivelog; 2|22.2. 主库设置Force Logging模式 alter database force logging; 2|32.3. 备库创建相应的dump文件夹 # 在主库查询对应的dump目录 select name, value from v$parameter where name in ('audit_file_dest', 'background_dump_dest', 'control_files', 'core_dump_dest', 'user_dump_dest', 'db_recovery_file_dest' ) ORDER BY name ASC; # 备库用oracle用户执行创建目录 mkdir -p $value 2|42.4. 配置Standby Redologs对于模式中最大保护和最高可用性；采用是 LGWR 模式传送 Redo 日志；需要为 Standby库配置 Standby Redologs。Standby Redologs 和 ONline Redologs 文件大小是相同的。比 ONline Redologs 个数要 +1 。 # 查看redologs日志信息 SQL> select group#,type,member from v$logfile; GROUP# TYPE MEMBER ------ ---------- -------------------------------------------------- 1 ONLINE /u01/app/oradata/ora235/redo01.log 2 ONLINE /u01/app/oradata/ora235/redo02.log 3 ONLINE /u01/app/oradata/ora235/redo03.log SQL> select group#,bytes from v$log; GROUP# BYTES ------ ---------- 1 52428800 2 52428800 3 52428800 # 添加Standby Redologs；添加如下： ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 4('/u01/app/oradata/ora235/stdred001.log') SIZE 50 M; ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 5('/u01/app/oradata/ora235/stdred002.log') SIZE 50 M; ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 6('/u01/app/oradata/ora235/stdred003.log') SIZE 50 M; ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 7('/u01/app/oradata/ora235/stdred004.log') SIZE 50 M; 2|52.5. 创建实例密钥文件 主库生成密钥文件 orapwd FILE=/u01/app/oracle/dbs/orapwora235 password=li0924 entries=5; 将密钥文件传输到备库 scp /u01/app/oracle/dbs/orapwora235 [email protected]:/u01/app/oracle/dbs 2|62.6. 创建参数文件本文采用 Primary 库和 Standby 库采用相同路径；所以仅设置必要的参数。 主库通过spfile生成pfile文件 create pfile from spfile; 添加Primary端的pfile内容如下 *.DB_UNIQUE_NAME=db_primary *.LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(db_primary,db_standby)' *.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=tns_standby LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=db_standby' *.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=DEFER *.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT ='/u01/app/oradata/ora235/','/u01/app/oradata/ora235/' *.FAL_SERVER=tns_standby *.FAL_CLIENT=tns_primary *.STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO Primary重新启动 primary>create spfile from pfile; File created. primary>startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 780824576 bytes Fixed Size 2257312 bytes Variable Size 511708768 bytes Database Buffers 264241152 bytes Redo Buffers 2617344 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. 复制参数文件到Standby库 scp /u01/app/oracle/dbs/initora235.ora [email protected]:/u01/app/oracle/dbs 添加Standby端的pfile内容如下 *.DB_UNIQUE_NAME=db_standby *.LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(db_primary,db_standby)' *.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=tns_primary LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=db_primary' *.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT ='/u01/app/oradata/ora235/','/u01/app/oradata/ora235/' *.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE *.FAL_SERVER=tns_primary *.FAL_CLIENT=tns_standby *.STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO 将Standby端启动到nomount状态 [oracle@oracle221 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Aug 9 22:56:49 2018 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SQL> startup nomount; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 780824576 bytes Fixed Size 2257312 bytes Variable Size 511708768 bytes Database Buffers 264241152 bytes Redo Buffers 2617344 bytes 2|72.7 配置主备库的监听文件和网络文件 设置Primary库和Standby库的service_name SQL> show parameter service_name; NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- --------------- service_names string lottu SQL> alter system set service_names='db_primary' scope=both; System altered. SQL> show parameter service_name; NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ---------------- service_names string db_primary 备库的service_name设置为db_standby；需要到参数文件修改。 *.service_names='db_standby' Primary库配置listener.ora LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.235)(PORT = 1521)(IP = FIRST))) (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC)) ) ) ) SID_LIST_LISTENER = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (SID_NAME = ora235) (GLOBAL_DBNAME = db_primary) (ORACLE_HOME =/u01/app/oracle) ) ) Standby库配置listener.ora LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.221)(PORT = 1521)(IP = FIRST))) (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC)) ) ) ) SID_LIST_LISTENER = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (SID_NAME = ora235) (GLOBAL_DBNAME = db_standby) (ORACLE_HOME =/u01/app/oracle) ) ) Primary库和Standby库设置tnsname.ora tns_primary= (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.235)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = db_primary) ) (HS = OK) ) tns_standby= (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.221)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = db_standby) ) (HS = OK) )重启监听lsnrctl restart 2|82.8. 克隆Standby库在Primary库执行 [oracle@oracle235 admin]$ rman target sys/li0924@tns_primary auxiliary sys/li0924@tns_standby Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Aug 9 23:56:46 2018 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. connected to target database: ORA235 (DBID=2047494122) connected to auxiliary database: ORA235 (not mounted) RMAN> DUPLICATE TARGET DATABASE FOR STANDBY FROM ACTIVE DATABASE DORECOVER NOFILENAMECHECK; Starting Duplicate Db at 09-AUG-18 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK contents of Memory Script: { backup as copy reuse targetfile '/u01/app/oracle/dbs/orapwora235' auxiliary format '/u01/app/oracle/dbs/orapwora235' ; } executing Memory Script Starting backup at 09-AUG-18 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=26 device type=DISK Finished backup at 09-AUG-18 contents of Memory Script: { backup as copy current controlfile for standby auxiliary format '/u01/app/oradata/ora235/control01.ctl'; restore clone controlfile to '/u01/app/oradata/ora235/control02.ctl' from '/u01/app/oradata/ora235/control01.ctl'; } executing Memory Script Starting backup at 09-AUG-18 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy copying standby control file output file name=/u01/app/oracle/dbs/snapcf_ora235.f tag=TAG20180809T235658 RECID=4 STAMP=983750219 channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 09-AUG-18 Starting restore at 09-AUG-18 using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1 channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: copied control file copy Finished restore at 09-AUG-18 contents of Memory Script: { sql clone 'alter database mount standby database'; } executing Memory Script sql statement: alter database mount standby database contents of Memory Script: { set newname for tempfile 1 to "/u01/app/oradata/ora235/temp01.dbf"; switch clone tempfile all; set newname for datafile 1 to "/u01/app/oradata/ora235/system01.dbf"; set newname for datafile 2 to "/u01/app/oradata/ora235/sysaux01.dbf"; set newname for datafile 3 to "/u01/app/oradata/ora235/undotbs01.dbf"; set newname for datafile 4 to "/u01/app/oradata/ora235/users01.dbf"; set newname for datafile 5 to "/data/oracle/data/lottu01.dbf"; backup as copy reuse datafile 1 auxiliary format "/u01/app/oradata/ora235/system01.dbf" datafile 2 auxiliary format "/u01/app/oradata/ora235/sysaux01.dbf" datafile 3 auxiliary format "/u01/app/oradata/ora235/undotbs01.dbf" datafile 4 auxiliary format "/u01/app/oradata/ora235/users01.dbf" datafile 5 auxiliary format "/data/oracle/data/lottu01.dbf" ; sql 'alter system archive log current'; } executing Memory Script executing command: SET NEWNAME renamed tempfile 1 to /u01/app/oradata/ora235/temp01.dbf in control file executing command: SET NEWNAME executing command: SET NEWNAME executing command: SET NEWNAME executing command: SET NEWNAME executing command: SET NEWNAME Starting backup at 09-AUG-18 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy input datafile file number=00005 name=/data/oracle/data/lottu01.dbf output file name=/data/oracle/data/lottu01.dbf tag=TAG20180809T235706 channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:01:45 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oradata/ora235/system01.dbf output file name=/u01/app/oradata/ora235/system01.dbf tag=TAG20180809T235706 channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oradata/ora235/sysaux01.dbf output file name=/u01/app/oradata/ora235/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20180809T235706 channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oradata/ora235/undotbs01.dbf output file name=/u01/app/oradata/ora235/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20180809T235706 channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oradata/ora235/users01.dbf output file name=/u01/app/oradata/ora235/users01.dbf tag=TAG20180809T235706 channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 10-AUG-18 sql statement: alter system archive log current contents of Memory Script: { backup as copy reuse archivelog like "/data/arch/1_3_983660602.dbf" auxiliary format "/data/arch/1_3_983660602.dbf" ; catalog clone archivelog "/data/arch/1_3_983660602.dbf"; switch clone datafile all; } executing Memory Script Starting backup at 10-AUG-18 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log copy input archived log thread=1 sequence=3 RECID=19 STAMP=983750428 output file name=/data/arch/1_3_983660602.dbf RECID=0 STAMP=0 channel ORA_DISK_1: archived log copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 10-AUG-18 cataloged archived log archived log file name=/data/arch/1_3_983660602.dbf RECID=1 STAMP=983750429 datafile 1 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=983750429 file name=/u01/app/oradata/ora235/system01.dbf datafile 2 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=983750429 file name=/u01/app/oradata/ora235/sysaux01.dbf datafile 3 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=983750429 file name=/u01/app/oradata/ora235/undotbs01.dbf datafile 4 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=7 STAMP=983750429 file name=/u01/app/oradata/ora235/users01.dbf datafile 5 switched to datafile copy input datafile copy RECID=8 STAMP=983750429 file name=/data/oracle/data/lottu01.dbf contents of Memory Script: { set until scn 955597; recover standby clone database delete archivelog ; } executing Memory Script executing command: SET until clause Starting recover at 10-AUG-18 using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1 starting media recovery archived log for thread 1 with sequence 3 is already on disk as file /data/arch/1_3_983660602.dbf archived log file name=/data/arch/1_3_983660602.dbf thread=1 sequence=3 media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00 Finished recover at 10-AUG-18 Finished Duplicate Db at 10-AUG-18 2|92.9. 启用日志传送在 Primary 端启动日志传送 alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE; 2|102.10. 启用实时应用redo在 Primary Database 产生的 Redo 日志；传送到 Standby Database；是通过 LGWR 或者 ARCH 进程完成。这个很好理解。默认情况下是由 ARCH 进程。有参数 *.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2 控制的。使用 ARCH 进程； Primary Database 和 Standby Database 存在数据延迟。若 Primary Database 出现异常；容易造成部分数据丢失。为了避免数据丢失，必须要使用 LGWR 进程，需要用到 Standby Redolog。而LGWR 又分SYNC（同步）和ASYNC（异步）两种方式。 SYNC方式：对网络要求比较高；必须等待写入本地日志文件操作和通过LNSn进程的网络传送都成功，Primary Database 上的事务才能提交成功。使用LGWR SYNC方式时，可以同时使用NET_TIMEOUT参数，这个参数单位是秒，代表如果多长时间内网络发送没有响应，LGWR 进程会抛出错误。因此对 Primary Database 性能有影响。 *.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=tns_standby LGWR SYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=db_standby NET_TIMEOUT = 30' ASYNC方式：采用异步方式；Primary Database 上的事务提交跟日志是否已经传送没有影响。 *.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=tns_standby LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=db_standby'1. 在 Primary Database上执行； alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=tns_standby LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=db_standby' scope=both;2. 在Standby Database上执行； alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=tns_primary LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=db_primary' scope=both;3. Standby Database启动实时应用redo alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile ;4. 验证结果 # 在Primary Database 上创建表t_lottu02 SQL> set SQLPROMPT Primary> Primary>conn lottu/li0924 Connected. Primary>create table t_lottu02 as select level id,'lottu' name from dual connect by level set SQLPROMPT StandBy> StandBy>conn lottu/li0924 Connected. StandBy>select * from t_lottu02; ID NAME ---------- ----- 1 lottu 2 lottu 3 lottu
原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/lottu/p/9542053.html __EOF__ |
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