I · I 医学英语：呼吸系统词汇入门（附Quizlet词卡）

Dr. Wilber 向2019年的大家问好 ～～ 新年快乐！今天我们介绍的是呼吸系统词汇、词根&词缀！

After learning this chapter, you will be able to:

  1. Recognize the morphemes introduced in this chapter

  2. Correctly spell medical terms relating to the respiratory system

写在前面

Introduction

The respiratory system is an integrated network of organs and tubes that coordinates the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. The anatomical features of the respiratory system include airways, lungs, and the respiratory muscles. Oxygen taken from the lungs are transported to the body cell and carbon dioxide produced in the body cells are transported to the lungs by the blood through circulatory system.

呼吸系统是协调氧气和二氧化碳交换的器官和管道的综合网络。呼吸系统的解剖学特征包括呼吸道、肺和呼吸肌。从肺部摄取的氧气被运送到体细胞，体细胞产生的二氧化碳通过血液循环系统被运送到肺部。

词汇 & 词素

Vocabularies & Morphemes

adenoids - 扁桃腺/扁桃体

The adenoid, also known as a pharyngeal tonsil 扁桃体 or nasopharyngeal 鼻咽的 tonsil.

alveolus - 肺泡

An alveolus (plural: alveoli, from Latin alveolus, "little cavity") is an anatomical structure that has the form of a hollow cavity.

alveol/o = air sac

alveolar 肺泡的

apex of the lung - 肺叶尖

bronchioles - 细支气管

The bronchioles or bronchioli are the passageways by which air passes through the nose or mouth to the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs, in which branches no longer contain cartilage 软骨 or glands in their submucosa 粘膜下层.

bronchus - 支气管

A bronchus, also known as a main or primary bronchus, is an airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs. There is a right bronchus and a left bronchus and these bronchi branch into smaller secondary and tertiary bronchi which branch into smaller tubes, known as bronchioles.

bronch/o bronchi/o = bronchial tube

bronchiol/o = small bronchus

分清支气管和细支气管：支气管复数形式为 bronchi；细支气管复数形式只是结尾单纯加s

hypercapnia - 高碳酸血症

capn/o = carbon dioxide

cilia - 纤毛

A cilium (Latin for eyelash 睫毛; the plural is cilia) is an organelle 细胞器 found in eukaryotic cells 真核细胞

pneumoconiosis - 硅肺

pneum/o = lung

coni/o = dust

cyanosis - 发绀

which is caused by deficient 不足的 oxygen in the blood

cyan/o = blue

epiglottis - 会厌

The epiglottis is a flap 瓣 made of elastic cartilage tissue covered with a mucous membrane

larynx - 喉

voice box 

laryng/o = larynx

laryngeal 喉的

lobe - 肺叶

division of a lung

lob/o = lobe of the lung

lobectomy - 叶切除术

Lobectomy means surgical excision of a lobe. This may refer to a lobe of the lung, a lobe of the thyroid (hemithyroidectomy), or a lobe of the brain (as in anterior temporal 颞的 lobectomy).

mediastinum - 纵膈

The mediastinum (from Medieval Latin mediastinus, "midway") is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity 胸腔 surrounded by loose connective tissue, as an region that contains a group of structures within the thorax

nares - 鼻孔

openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities.

nas/o = nose

paranasal sinuses - 鼻窦

palatine tonsil - 腭扁桃体

parietal pleura - 壁胸膜

parietal 壁的；parietal cell 壁细胞

pharynx - 咽

throat, including the nasopharynx, oropharynx 口咽的, laryngopharynx

pleural cavity - 胸膜腔

小伙伴们趁机复习下人体腔隙的医学术语

pulmonary parenchyma - 肺实质

Parenchyma is the bulk of a substance. In animals, a parenchyma comprises the functional parts of an organ, and in plants, parenchyma is the ground tissue of nonwoody structures.

expectoration - 咳痰

pector/o = chest = 胸部

可理解为 ex- 表示 out，从胸部出来，咳痰

dysphonia - 失语症

break language, tongueless.

phon/o = voice

phrenic nerve - 膈神经

phren/o = diaphragm = 膈

rhinorrhea - 流鼻涕

rhin/o = nose

上文提及过 nas/o = nose 也不要忘了哈～

visceral pleura - 脏胸膜

parietal pleura - 壁胸膜

spirometer - 肺活量计

A spirometer is an apparatus for measuring the volume of air inspired and expired by the lungs.

spir/o = breathing

atelectasis - 肺不张

a- = no = 不

tel/o = complete = 完全

-ectasis = expansion = 扩张

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