2023年中考英语语法复习：形容词的比较级和最高级（无答案）

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第五讲 形容词的比较级和最高级【介绍】比较级用在将一个人或物与另一个人或物进行比较时；最高级用在将一个人或物与其他两个以上的人或物进行比较时。我们把通常在单词表里所见到的形容词，即不加比较等级的形容词，称为原级；形容词的比较等级有两种：比较级和最高级。形容词比较级的构成：形容词 + 后缀 er 或more + 形容词。例如：taller或more beautiful。形容词的最高级构成：形容词 + 后缀 est或 more + 形容词。例如：tallest或most beautiful。【用法】形容词原级的用法表示A 和B在某方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。1)肯定句中的结构：“A…+ as +形容词原级+ as +B”，表示“A和B一样……”。English is as interesting as Chinese.2)否定句中的结构：“A …+not+ as/ so +形容词原级+as +B”，表示“A不如B……”。The book isn’t so new as that one.形容词比较级和最高级的变化规则规则变化类别 构成方式 原级 比较级 最高级单音节词或 部分双音节词 一般直接加-er,-est short shorter shortest以不发音的e结尾,加-r,-st cute nice cuter nicer cutest nicest以重读闭音节结尾，且词末只有一个辅音字母,双写该辅音字母再加-er,-est big fat hot bigger fatter hotter biggest fattest hottest以辅音字母y结尾,把y变为i,再加-er,-est early heavy earlier heavier earliest heaviest heaviest多音节词或 部分双音节词 在原级前加more,most delicious useful slowly more delicious more useful more slowly most delicious most useful most slowly不规则变化原级 比较级 最高级good/well better bestbad /ill/ badly worse worstmany/ much more mostlittle less leastfar farther / further farthest / furthestold older / elder oldest / eldest（2）形容词比较级的用法（用于两者之间的比较）1）结构：A + 系动词 + 形容词比较级 + than + BSam looks younger than Mike.This book is more interesting than that one.Which shirt do you like better, the white one or the black one 2）形容词比较级的特殊用法：在两者之中选择较为……的一个，在比较级前加thethe + 比较级 + of + the two + 名词Amy is the taller of the two girls.Of the two books, the one on the right is the better.3）修饰形容词比较级的词：far（远），even（甚至），much（许多），still（更，还），a lot（许多），a little / bit（一点），rather（相当地），等等。例如：She’s a little more beautiful than me.My bike is much newer than hers.4）表示“越来越……”：“比较级+比较级”或“more and more +形容词原级It’s getting warmer and warmer when spring comes.After a few moths training, he runs faster and faster.5）表示“越……，越……”：the +比较级，the+比较级。The more, the better.The more water you drink, the healthier you are.（3）形容词最高级的用法（用于三者及其以上的比较）三者或三者以上的人或事物进行比较，其中一个在某方面超过其他两个或几个时用最高级，形容词的最高级前一般要加定冠词the。1）结构：A + 系动词 + the + 形容词最高级 + 名词 + 表示范围的短语或）从句This is the largest dress in the shop.Tom is the tallest boy of all the students.Which is the biggest city, New York, London or Beijing 2）形容词最高级的两个介词短语：of……，in……of后的宾语与句子主语是同类的人或事物；而in后面的宾语是句子主语所在的范围。The elephant is the largest of all the animals in the zoo.解析：of后的all the animals与主语the elephant都是动物，属同类事物；in后的the zoo是主语the elephant所处的环境。3）表示“最……的……之一”时，用“one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数”结构，该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。Jay Chou is one of the most popular singers.4）表示“第几(长、大、远……）”时，序数词后用形容词的最高级形式。He is the second tallest boy in his class.5) 在表达“某人的最……的……”时，最高级前省略定冠词the，即“某人的+形容词的最高级+名词”。Sally is my younger sister’s best friend.单项选择HUAWEI Mate 40 is _____________ of the three mobile phones.expensive B.more expensive C.the most expensive2. She is better at English than_____ in class.A. any other student B.the other studentC. the one of any other student D. those of any other student3. Which language is __________, English or Japanese A. diffulcult B.the difficult C. more difficult D. the most difficult4.Jack is ____ in our group. Nno one studies harder than him.harder B.thelaziest C.themost hard-working5.Alice is_________ than her brother and sister.She never stops talking.Aquiet B. quieter C.outgoing D. more outgoing6.Protecing ourselves is one of __________ things we must do.important B. more important C.most important D.the most important7. ---Can you sister play tennis ---Sure. She plays ____ I do.as good as B.as better as C.well than D. as well as8.The Changjiang River is ____________ river in China.A.first the longest B.the first longC.first the long D.the first longest9._________ Tom comes back, _________ it will be.A.The quicker; the best B.The sooner; the betterC.Faster; the better D.The sooner; better10. The sweeping robots become ________ nowadays and we can save a lot of time.A.more popular and more popular B.more popular and popularC.more and more popular D.popular and popular11. The cleaner said, “______things we do,_____ environment we’ll have.”More; better B.The more; the better C.Fewer ; The less D.The fewer; better12. ---What do you think of receiving and giving gifts --- I think the art of receiving a gift is ______ than the art of giving．A.much more difficult B.very more difficultC.much difficult D.as difficult as13、I can't get ________ because my family isn't ________.A.money enough; rich （富有） enough B.enough money; enough richC.enough money; rich enough D.money enough; enough rich14、Chinese becomes one of the world's ________.A.the most important language B.the most important languagesC.most important language D.most important languages15、---Canada is the second _______ country in the world.---That is, it is larger than ________country in Asia.A.larger, any B.larger, any otherC.largest, any D.largest, any other16.—How old is your ________ sister —She is 17 years old. She is three years ________ than me.elder; older B. old; older C. older; elder D. elder; elder17.---The doctor told me ________ too much, but I find it difficult.---The doctor is right. The less you drink, ________ you will be.A.don't drink; the healthier B.not to drink; the healthierC.not to drink; the more healthier D.don't drink, healthier18、Shanghai is bigger than ____ in China and it is also bigger than ____ in the USA.A.any other city, any city B.the other city, any other cityC.the other cities, any city D.any city, the other cities二、句子翻译1. 事实上，锻炼和学习一样重要。_____________________________________________________________________2. Mary学习像Linda一样努力。我认为我的书没有你的书有趣。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. 对于年轻人来说，电脑比电视机更受欢迎，因为他们可以在电脑上玩游戏。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4. 现在越来越多的人喜欢中文。中国文化（culture)在全世界越来越受欢迎。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5. 幸福(happiness)与金钱不同，它比金钱重要得多。__________________________________________________________________6. 熊猫是世界上最受欢迎的动物之一。_____________________________________________________________________7. 狂欢节（Carnival)是巴西（Brazil)最重要的节日（festival)之一。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8. 孩子们没有足够的时间做运动，所以他们变得越来越胖。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9. 新房子棒级了，而且比旧房子大很多。_____________________________________________________________________10. 他得到的越多，他想要的就越多。_____________________________________________________________________11. 你越细心，你犯的错误就会越少。_____________________________________________________________________12. 我越了解他，越喜欢他。_____________________________________________________________________

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