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2024-01-26 13:00| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

conda config --add channels 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/' conda config --add channels 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/' conda config --set show_channel_urls yes

conda源操作的基本命令

conda config --show 查看当前所有配置 conda config --show-sources 查看当前使用源 conda config --remove channels 删除指定源 conda config --add channels 加指定源

或者直接修改修改配置文件

$ cat /C/Users/guowli/.condarc channels: - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/ - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/ - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/msys2/ - defaults show_channel_urls: True allow_other_channels: True

 

2.5 设置Conda环境和缓存的路径

默认情况下,Conda创建的新环境以及过往安装的模块缓存都存储在用户目录。默认信息不会在Conda(user-specific)配置文件“$HOME/.condarc”中体现,但可通过"conda info"查看,包括默认环境路径、默认缓存路径、Conda源设置等。添加或修改“$HOME/.condarc”中的“env_dirs”和“pkgs_dirs”配置项,可以设置conda环境和缓存(envs directories 和 package cache)的默认路径。按顺序第一个路径作为默认存储路径,搜索环境和缓存时按先后顺序在各目录中查找。

例如:在“$HOME/.condarc”中添加如下路径

envs_dirs: - D:\DownLoadFiles\anaconda3\envs # 按顺序第一个路径作为默认存储路径,搜索环境和缓存时按先后顺序在各目录中查找 - C:\Users\guowli\AppData\Local\conda\conda\envs - C:\Users\guowli\.conda\envs pkgs_dirs: - D:\DownLoadFiles\anaconda3\pkgs - C:\Users\guowli\AppData\Local\conda\conda\pkgs

也可以使用conda命令指定存放路径:

conda config --add envs_dirs # 添加环境位置 conda config --add pkgs_dirs # 添加包位置

 

3- 管理Python包 3.1 升级所有工具包 安装完成后,可以对所有工具包进行升级,在命令行执行“conda upgrade --all”,询问是否安装升级版本时,输入y。 3.2 常用命令 conda install 安装包 conda install numpy scipy pandas 同时安装多个包 conda install numpy=1.10 安装包的指定版本 conda install anaconda 在当前环境安装anaconda集合包 conda remove 移除包 conda update 升级包 conda list 查看当前环境已安装的包信息 conda search 查询包信息 conda search 模糊查询包信息 conda install --name 在指定环境安装的包信息 conda remove --name 移除指定环境的包 conda update --name 升级指定环境的包 conda list --name 查看指定环境的已安装的包信息 conda update conda 更新conda conda update anaconda 更新anaconda conda update python 更新Python

 

3.3 通过pip来管理包

注意:conda和pip都是对当前环境进行安装、升级和卸载包的操作。如果Conda和Anaconda中都没有找到需要安装的包,可以通过pip命令安装。先激活指定的环境,然后通过pip命令安装指定的包,可以通过“--proxy”参数设置代理地址。

source activate pip install

Anaconda修改pip源https://blog.csdn.net/u014779536/article/details/108127183

4- 管理Python环境 如果安装了 Python3 版本的 Anaconda 后,默认的 root 环境是 Python3; 4.1 常用命令 conda create --name 创建新环境 conda create --name testpy2 python=2.7 pandas 创建名为testpy2的运行环境,并安装pandas包及其依赖包 conda create --name testpy36 python=3.6 anaconda 创建名为testpy36的运行环境,并安装anaconda集合包(conda默认环境) conda env remove --name 删除环境 conda env list 显示所有的环境 conda info 显示当前安装的conda信息 conda info --envs 显示所有运行环境 activate windows系统下,激活(进入)环境 deactivate windows系统下,去激活(退出)当前环境

 

4.2 分享运行环境 为了保证代码可以正确运行,分享代码的同时,也需要将运行环境分享; 通过conda可将当前环境下的 package 信息存入YAML 文件, 当执行他人的代码时,可使用此YAML文件创建同样的运行环境; conda env export > BackupEnv.yaml 将当前运行环境的package信息导出到名为BackupEnv的YAML文件 conda env create --force BackupEnv.yaml 使用YAML文件创建运行环境 4.3 完整示例  创建运行环境---》查看运行环境---》进入运行环境---》退出运行环境---》删除运行环境 $ py --version # 当前默认python版本 Python 3.7.1 $ conda create --name testpy2 python=2.7 pandas # 创建名为testpy2的运行环境,并安装pandas包及其依赖包 Solving environment: done ## Package Plan ## environment location: D:\DownLoadFiles\anaconda3\envs\testpy2 # 创建的运行环境的所在目录 added / updated specs: # conda仅安装pandas和python2.7相关的必须项(pandas的依赖项,python2.7, pip等) - pandas - python=2.7 The following packages will be downloaded: # 将要下载当前没有的安装包 package | build ---------------------------|----------------- vc-9 | h7299396_1 3 KB python-dateutil-2.7.5 | py27_0 275 KB pandas-0.23.4 | py27h39f3610_0 8.8 MB pytz-2018.7 | py27_0 250 KB certifi-2018.10.15 | py27_0 139 KB setuptools-40.5.0 | py27_0 653 KB numpy-base-1.15.4 | py27h2753ae9_0 3.8 MB pip-18.1 | py27_0 1.8 MB vs2008_runtime-9.00.30729.1| hfaea7d5_1 1017 KB wincertstore-0.2 | py27hf04cefb_0 13 KB python-2.7.15 | h2880e7c_3 20.3 MB six-1.11.0 | py27_1 21 KB numpy-1.15.4 | py27hbe4291b_0 36 KB mkl_fft-1.0.6 | py27hac4a418_0 120 KB wheel-0.32.2 | py27_0 52 KB ------------------------------------------------------------ Total: 37.1 MB The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED: # 将要安装的包 blas: 1.0-mkl certifi: 2018.10.15-py27_0 icc_rt: 2017.0.4-h97af966_0 intel-openmp: 2019.0-118 mkl: 2019.0-118 mkl_fft: 1.0.6-py27hac4a418_0 numpy: 1.15.4-py27hbe4291b_0 numpy-base: 1.15.4-py27h2753ae9_0 pandas: 0.23.4-py27h39f3610_0 pip: 18.1-py27_0 python: 2.7.15-h2880e7c_3 python-dateutil: 2.7.5-py27_0 pytz: 2018.7-py27_0 setuptools: 40.5.0-py27_0 six: 1.11.0-py27_1 vc: 9-h7299396_1 vs2008_runtime: 9.00.30729.1-hfaea7d5_1 wheel: 0.32.2-py27_0 wincertstore: 0.2-py27hf04cefb_0 Proceed ([y]/n)? y Downloading and Extracting Packages vc-9 | 3 KB | ######################################################################## | 100% python-dateutil-2.7. | 275 KB | ######################################################################## | 100% pandas-0.23.4 | 8.8 MB | ######################################################################## | 100% pytz-2018.7 | 250 KB | ######################################################################## | 100% certifi-2018.10.15 | 139 KB | ######################################################################## | 100% setuptools-40.5.0 | 653 KB | ######################################################################## | 100% numpy-base-1.15.4 | 3.8 MB | ######################################################################## | 100% pip-18.1 | 1.8 MB | ######################################################################## | 100% vs2008_runtime-9.00. | 1017 KB | ######################################################################## | 100% wincertstore-0.2 | 13 KB | ######################################################################## | 100% python-2.7.15 | 20.3 MB | ######################################################################## | 100% six-1.11.0 | 21 KB | ######################################################################## | 100% numpy-1.15.4 | 36 KB | ######################################################################## | 100% mkl_fft-1.0.6 | 120 KB | ######################################################################## | 100% wheel-0.32.2 | 52 KB | ######################################################################## | 100% Preparing transaction: done Verifying transaction: done Executing transaction: done # # To activate this environment, use: # > activate testpy2 # # To deactivate an active environment, use: # > deactivate # # * for power-users using bash, you must source # $ conda env list # 显示所有运行环境 # conda environments: # base * D:\DownLoadFiles\anaconda3 # 星号表示是当前运行环境 testpy2 D:\DownLoadFiles\anaconda3\envs\testpy2 $ source activate testpy2 # 进入testpy2运行环境 (testpy2) $ conda env list # conda environments: # base D:\DownLoadFiles\anaconda3 testpy2 * D:\DownLoadFiles\anaconda3\envs\testpy2 # 星号表示是当前运行环境 (testpy2) $ py --version Python 3.7.1 (testpy2) # 括号中显示当前的运行环境 $ conda info # 显示conda信息 active environment : testpy2 active env location : D:\DownLoadFiles\anaconda3\envs\testpy2 shell level : 1 user config file : C:\Users\guowli\.condarc populated config files : C:\Users\guowli\.condarc conda version : 4.5.11 conda-build version : 3.16.2 python version : 3.7.1.final.0 base environment : D:\DownLoadFiles\anaconda3 (writable) channel URLs : https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/win-64 https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/noarch https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/free/win-64 https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/free/noarch https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/win-64 https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/noarch https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/pro/win-64 https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/pro/noarch https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/msys2/win-64 https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/msys2/noarch package cache : D:\DownLoadFiles\anaconda3\pkgs C:\Users\guowli\AppData\Local\conda\conda\pkgs envs directories : D:\DownLoadFiles\anaconda3\envs C:\Users\guowli\AppData\Local\conda\conda\envs C:\Users\guowli\.conda\envs platform : win-64 user-agent : conda/4.5.11 requests/2.20.0 CPython/3.7.1 Windows/7 Windows/6.1.7601 administrator : False netrc file : None offline mode : False (testpy2) $ source deactivate # 退出当前运行环境 $ conda env list # conda environments: # base * D:\DownLoadFiles\anaconda3 # 星号表示是当前运行环境 testpy2 D:\DownLoadFiles\anaconda3\envs\testpy2 $ conda env remove --name testpy2 # 删除运行环境 Remove all packages in environment D:\DownLoadFiles\anaconda3\envs\testpy2: ## Package Plan ## environment location: D:\DownLoadFiles\anaconda3\envs\testpy2 The following packages will be REMOVED: blas: 1.0-mkl certifi: 2018.10.15-py27_0 icc_rt: 2017.0.4-h97af966_0 intel-openmp: 2019.0-118 mkl: 2019.0-118 mkl_fft: 1.0.6-py27hac4a418_0 numpy: 1.15.4-py27hbe4291b_0 numpy-base: 1.15.4-py27h2753ae9_0 pandas: 0.23.4-py27h39f3610_0 pip: 18.1-py27_0 python: 2.7.15-h2880e7c_3 python-dateutil: 2.7.5-py27_0 pytz: 2018.7-py27_0 setuptools: 40.5.0-py27_0 six: 1.11.0-py27_1 vc: 9-h7299396_1 vs2008_runtime: 9.00.30729.1-hfaea7d5_1 wheel: 0.32.2-py27_0 wincertstore: 0.2-py27hf04cefb_0 Proceed ([y]/n)? y $ conda env list # conda environments: # base * D:\DownLoadFiles\anaconda3 $

 

5- 在PyCharm中使用Anaconda创建的环境 5.1 查看Conda环境信息 在Anaconda Prompt中通过“ conda env list”查看所有环境信息,确认环境所在目录; 注意:通过Conda创建的虚拟环境默认放置envs目录中,例如:“D:\DownLoadFiles\anaconda3\envs\mlcc”   5.2 更改PyCharm的编译器选项  打开Pycharm,然后依次点击File---》Settings---》Project:xxxxx---》Project Interperter---》“齿轮”按钮---》“Add Local...”

在出现页面中,添加Conda环境信息并保存

此时,依次点击File---》Settings---》Project:xxxxx---》Project Interperter---》“齿轮”按钮---》“Show All...”

依次点击File---》Settings---》Project:xxxxx---》Project Interperter,选择相应的环境。

 

6- 参考信息 Anaconda入门使用指南:https://www.jianshu.com/p/169403f7e40c Anaconda使用总结:https://www.jianshu.com/p/2f3be7781451

 

7- 问题处理

7.1 “WARNING: The conda.compat module is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.”

问题现象: 安装Anaconda3后,在Anaconda Prompt执行conda命令, 例如“conda env list”,提示告警信息“WARNING: The conda.compat module is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.”

问题原因: Conda v4.6.11的一个bug, 详情信息请查看:https://superuser.com/questions/1422008/conda-install-packagename-gives-deprecation-warning 问题处理方法: 升级conda版本。 (base) C:\Users\guowli>conda update conda WARNING: The conda.compat module is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Collecting package metadata: done Solving environment: done ## Package Plan ## environment location: C:\Office-Tools\Anaconda3 added / updated specs: - conda The following packages will be downloaded: package | build ---------------------------|----------------- conda-4.6.14 | py37_0 2.1 MB defaults ------------------------------------------------------------ Total: 2.1 MB The following packages will be UPDATED: conda 4.6.11-py37_0 --> 4.6.14-py37_0 Proceed ([y]/n)? y Downloading and Extracting Packages conda-4.6.14 | 2.1 MB | ############################################################################ | 100% Preparing transaction: done Verifying transaction: done Executing transaction: done (base) C:\Users\guowli>ET _sysp=%~dpA 'ET' is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file. (base) C:\Users\guowli>IF NOT EXIST "!_sysp!\Scripts\conda.exe" Collecting package metadata: done Solving environment: done # All requested packages already installed. (base) C:\Users\guowli>conda --version conda 4.6.14 (base) C:\Users\guowli>conda env list # conda environments: # base * C:\Office-Tools\Anaconda3 (base) C:\Users\guowli>

 

7.2 “CondaHTTPError: HTTP 000 CONNECTION FAILED for url”

问题现象

λ conda install jenkinsapi Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): failed CondaHTTPError: HTTP 000 CONNECTION FAILED for url Elapsed: - An HTTP error occurred when trying to retrieve this URL. HTTP errors are often intermittent, and a simple retry will get you on your way. 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/win-64'

处理方法

1. 通过“conda search ”命令确认要安装的包是否存在,如果包名称不一致,将报错2. 修改镜像源的配置, 将用户目录下的.condarc文件中的所有https换成http如果Windows用户无法直接创建名为.condarc的文件,可先执行“conda config --set show_channel_urls yes”生成该文件之后再修改。

λ cat ~/.condarc channels: - http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main - http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free - http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/r - http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/pro - http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/ - http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/msys2/ ssl_verify: false show_channel_urls: true

然后运行`conda clean -i`清除索引缓存,保证用的是镜像站提供的索引,重新安装库时会重新下载repo信息。

 

7.3 在Anaconda的环境下,使用pip安装库报错“SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED”

问题现象

λ pip install jenkinsapi Collecting jenkinsapi WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1076)'))': /packages/e2/76/c7ceb2fac632e2772d38ffcf446b4432582ddc6d6ea2d19155e06011d1d4/jenkinsapi-0.3.11-py2.py3-none-any.whl WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1076)'))': /packages/e2/76/c7ceb2fac632e2772d38ffcf446b4432582ddc6d6ea2d19155e06011d1d4/jenkinsapi-0.3.11-py2.py3-none-any.whl WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1076)'))': /packages/e2/76/c7ceb2fac632e2772d38ffcf446b4432582ddc6d6ea2d19155e06011d1d4/jenkinsapi-0.3.11-py2.py3-none-any.whl WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1076)'))': /packages/e2/76/c7ceb2fac632e2772d38ffcf446b4432582ddc6d6ea2d19155e06011d1d4/jenkinsapi-0.3.11-py2.py3-none-any.whl WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1076)'))': /packages/e2/76/c7ceb2fac632e2772d38ffcf446b4432582ddc6d6ea2d19155e06011d1d4/jenkinsapi-0.3.11-py2.py3-none-any.whl ERROR: Could not install packages due to an EnvironmentError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /packages/e2/76/c7ceb2fac632e2772d38ffcf446b4432582ddc6d6ea2d19155e06011d1d4/jenkinsapi-0.3.11-py2.py3-none-any.whl (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1076)')))

处理方法

国内防火墙的限制,自当镜像源或者`--trusted-host`即可解决。1. 指定可用的镜像源”pip install -i “2. 指定`--trusted-host`“pip install jenkinsapi --trusted-host pypi.org --trusted-host pypi.python.org --trusted-host files.pythonhosted.org”

 



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