中考英语复习课件：选词填空(共28张PPT)

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(共27张PPT)选词填空选词填空题要求考生根据短文内容从备选词汇中挑选单词并用其正确形式填空。该题型的综合性很强，集合了阅读理解、词汇与语法、完形填空的测试特点。以下要介绍的是该题型的解题步骤。解题步骤一、通读全文首先，我们要跳过空格通读全文，理清文章脉络，理解文章主旨大意，特别要注意读懂文章的首尾句，以便迅速抓住文章主旨，以猜测作者的意图、观点。在理解文章的主旨大意之后再开始做题。在阅读过程中，要注意上下文的关系，这对于把握文章的整体意义大有用处。对不理解的地方采用暂时回避的方式，待真正理解全文之后再找解决的方法。二、选择单词在这一步，主要分析空格处所需要填入的单词。这一步是做题的核心部分，大家可以从以下两方面着手：1. 根据意思选词。选词前先要仔细观察方框中提供的词，明确每个词的含义，然后再细读文章。可以先从最容易的词入手，如介词、冠词、连词等，这些词的词形一般不发生变化，有些是固定搭配，然后再由简入难，逐一攻破。在填词时一定要注意词不离句，句不离篇，全面考虑全文语境。2. 根据句子结构选词。有时只根据意思选词，容易出现连环错误。为避免这种错误，要从句子结构上来考虑。在一个简单句中，基本结构是主、谓、宾、定、状、补。如果句中缺少主语，就把目标锁定在名词或代词或有些可以变形为名词的词上。如需谓语则找动词，需宾语则找名词或代词，需定语则找形容词，需状语则找副词等。三、确定形式通过分析近几年中考题，我们发现实词(名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词和数词)常常需要变换形式。所以在选好单词后，要分析选定单词中的实词，确定其是否需要变换形式。比如，要考虑名词是用单数还是复数，动词是用不定式、动词-ing形式还是动词-ed形式，形容词和副词是用原级、比较级还是最高级等等。四、校核答案在填完全部空格后，应该将全文仔细阅读一遍，从全篇的高度来审视一切，看全文的意思是否通顺，上下文的内在逻辑关系是否一致。再检查一下前后的人称、时态、主谓关系、语态、语气以及词的搭配等是否正确，以确保填空正确无误。阅读短文，从方框中选择恰当的词并用其适当形式填空，使短文完整、通顺，每词限用一次。[ask, when, sand, final, leave, run, hard, feeling, expect, fail ]A few weeks ago, I visited Sydney, a perfect place to surf. I knew I couldn't (1)_____ it without going surfing myself. I booked a group surf lesson (2)_____ I was in Byron Bay. Byron Bay is a really popular place for professional surfers to go!We first (3)_____ to learn how to read the sea conditions and what to (4)_____ in the water. Then we did a warm-up by (5)_____ along the beach. Next, it was time to learn how to stand on the surfboard. We did it on the (6)_____. After a lot of practice, we were ready to go out into the sea and try it out on the water. I have to say, surfing is much (7)_____ than it looks. When you watch people from the beach, they make it look so easy! I (8)_____ many times to stand up. Then one of the coaches came to help me and held my board steady (平稳的).(9)_____ I learned how to do that and by the end of the lesson I had managed to “walk on water”. It was a pretty amazing (10)_____ and I felt so proud of myself!阅读短文，从方框中选择恰当的词并用其适当形式填空，使短文完整、通顺，每词限用一次。[somewhere, change, food, hard, thick, grow, another, way, little, until]Winter is cold in some places. Many plants do not (1)_____ during the winter. Some plants even die. Snow and ice may cover the ground, so it can be (2)_____ for animals to find food during the winter. Animals get through the time in many (3)_____.Birds and butterflies can fly. Many of them leave their homes for (4)_____ warm. Then they come home next spring. We call this migration, which is a good way to avoid the cold.(5)_____ good way to avoid the cold is to sleep through it. Many animals hide and sleep during the winter. They slow down and use very (6)_____ energy. They do not eat and they live off their fat (脂肪). They do this (7)_____ food returns. We call this hibernation. Snakes, frogs and bears hibernate.Some animals store (8)_____ in their homes. They live on what they stored in the summer and fall. This is what squirrels (松鼠) do.Other animals tough it out (挨过). They neither leave nor hide. Some of them grow (9)_____ coats in the winter. Some of them (10)_____ colour. The Arctic fox is brown in the summer and white in the winter.阅读短文，从方框中选择恰当的词并用其适当形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。每词限用一次，其中有两个是多余的。[different, should, they, energy, sleep, relax, we, by, minute, whether, talk, might ]Studying for your tests at school can sometimes make you feel a bit stressed or worried. Here's some advice to help you feel more (1)_____.Don’t compare yourself to your friendsEveryone learns things (2)_____ and some people find things easier than others. Choose a review plan that works best for you. It's fine if it is different from your friends'.If you are feeling stressed, (3)_____ to someoneIt could be a friend, a teacher or your family. Don't feel like you're letting people down (4)_____ admitting (承认) you are feeling stressed. They will be happy that you would like to share your feelings with (5)_____, and will hopefully help you to feel better.Try to take regular (定期的) breaks during your reviewIt will help give your brain time to process (处理) all the information you are learning. You could go for a walk or just close your eyes and relax for a few (6)_____.Look after your bodyIt's important to try to eat well and get lots of (7)_____ before a test. If you don't give your mind a rest, it (8)_____ not work as well as it could.Doing exercise really helps(9)_____ you are playing football, going for a walk or riding your bike, exercise can really help you to feel less stressed. Then you can feel better and get more (10)_____!阅读短文，从方框中选择恰当的词语并用其适当形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。每个词语限用一次，其中有两个是多余的。[compete, fix up, they, if, seem, private, decide, surprised, word, plan, difference, stay away]At 13, Rachel Crow appeared on The X Factor. It is a British reality TV (真人秀) music competition show. The judges (评判员) loved her beautiful singing. It (1)_____ that she was ready to win. However, she failed. Rachel was (2)_____. She cried on the stage. It was sad for her. But it was just the kind of show TV audiences love.Some experts (专家) say that kids should (3)_____ from reality shows, because they don't play characters. They play (4)_____. Cameras show their most (5)_____ moments. Also, these shows leave little free time for the kids.But others say reality shows give kids a chance to shine. One Direction, a pop boy band, became world famous after (6)_____ on The X Factor. Even Rachel recorded her album (音乐专辑) and voiced a character in the movie Rio 2, though she failed.Here are two students' (7)_____ opinions on this.★Kids should be allowed on reality shows. Kids on reality shows can make a lot of money. Talented kids can become famous (8)_____ they appear on a reality show. It's good for kids to learn that they can't always win.★Kids shouldn't be allowed on reality shows. Children may not be able to deal with unkind (9)_____ from judges and fans. Kids on reality shows have to give up privacy (隐私). They are too young to make that (10)_____. Reality shows may leave little time for a child to study, play or just relax.答案：A) 1. leave 2. when 3. were asked 4. expect5. running 6. sand 7. harder 8. failed9. Finally 10. feelingB) 1. grow 2. hard 3. ways 4. somewhere5. Another 6. little 7. until 8. food9. thick / thicker 10. changeC) 1. relaxed 2. differently 3. talk 4. by 5. them6. minutes 7. sleep 8. might 9. Whether10. energyD) 1. seemed 2. surprised 3. stay away4. themselves 5. private 6. competing7. different 8. if 9. words 10. decision阅读理解阅读理解能力的培养是中学英语学习的一项重要任务。阅读理解是中考英语的测试重点，也是中考英语试题中分值最高的题型。它既考查同学们的语言理解能力，同时也考查同学们运用阅读技巧获取信息的能力。阅读理解的考查形式多样，常见的题型有：选择答案型、判断正误型、回答问题型、还原句子型和任务型，其中选择答案型所占比例最大。针对不同题型，采用不同的对策，既能提高阅读速度，又能提高做题的准确率。一、选择答案型1. 需要注意每个段落的开头和结尾，以便迅速了解文章的段落大意及全文大 意。2. 快速浏览试题，而后在文章中找到与题干和选项相关的内容，通过分析，有根据地排除干扰项，从而选出正确答案。对于暂时不能确定答案的试题，可以在文章中相关内容处进行标记，为再次阅读寻找答案做准备。3. 遇到生词或长难句，不要害怕，也不要长时间停留。读文章要尽量一气呵成，把握文章整体最重要。对于关键性的生词或长难句，要根据上下文猜测其含义。4. 试题的顺序与信息点在文章中出现的顺序通常是一致的，所以在寻找考查点时可以按照顺序逐个查找。二、判断正误型读完全文后，要准确理解文章后所设题目中各句子的含义，若试题表述与文章中的内容相符或与作者观点相同，则该试题正确，反之错误。三、回答问题型1. 此题型中的题目以细节理解题为主, 对于此类题目, 要抓住关键词来回答问题。对于推理判断题或主旨大意题, 则需利用所给信息, 在进行分析、归纳后，写出答案。2. 答案可以是完整的句子，也可以是词或短语，但一定要写出能回答所提问题的关键内容。3. 确保写出的内容语义完整、语法正确。如果是完整的句子，还要注意人称、时态、语态等的变化。四、还原句子型1. 在理解文章大意后，要把握全文的逻辑关系、行文顺序。2. 先将位置容易确定的句子还原到文章中，对于不好确定位置的句子可以暂时搁置，而后多次阅读上下文，找到其合理的位置。3. 将句子全部还原之后，要再次通读全文，核查全文意思是否通顺、结构是否一致、逻辑是否合理。五、任务型该题型包含不同的任务，常见的有判断正误、回答问题、补全句子、英汉互译等。1. 补全句子题考查同学们的逻辑思维能力。同学们需要在理解全文的基础上，利用文中表示对比、转折、因果、递进、条件等关系的连接词，结合上下文语境，确定需要填什么样的内容。在填写时要确保填写的内容语义完整、语法正确。2. 英汉互译题一定要结合上下文去翻译，一般采用“直译”的方法，要注意表达准确到位、语法正确无误。A 12-year-old girl from Virginia, US, never thought that a simple message she put online could bring her big problems. She posted the words, “Killing. Meet me in the library Tuesday”, with three emojis（表情符号）of a gun, a knife and a bomb（炸弹）on Instagram, a social media（社交媒体）. She was told that she broke the law because of threatening（威胁）her school.This problem is not far away from us. Not long ago, Ni Hanxiang, a Chinese student at a university in the US, was sent back to China after expressing on social media that he would kill his teachers if he failed to pass his exams.In China, posting threatening words online is also against the law. In 2013, Wu Hongfei, a singer, got into trouble for saying on weibo that she wanted to blow up a building.“Threatening happens not only face to face but also through the Internet, social media and the telephone,” said Mr. Cao, a lawyer from Chongqing. “Although the law of China protects people’s right of free speech, it doesn’t include words that threaten others’ lives and national safety.”“Some people may not mean to threaten. They may just be trying to say ‘I’m strong’, ” said Fred Pratt, a lawyer from the US.The girl’s mother said her daughter was a good kid who had never been in trouble before. Ni Hanxiang also said he didn’t realize that what he put online was so serious.“But not knowing the law doesn’t mean the law will treat you any differently if you break it,” says David Allen Green, a lawyer from the UK. So, do you think we’d better spend a minute or two thinking about the words or emojis we use on social media before we press “send” 60. The 12-year-old girl from Virginia put the words “Killing. Meet me in the library Tuesday”, with three emojis ___________ .A. in her own diary B. in a letter to her friendC. on a social media D. on the wall of the library61. Ni Hanxiang was sent back to China ___________.A. because he broke the US law B. because he wasn’t honestC. after he killed his teachers D. after he blew up a building62. From this passage, we can infer（推断）that ___________.A. Fred Pratt thinks some people may not mean to threatenB. the girl’s mother didn’t think her daughter was a bad childC. cheating in an examination at school may get you into troubleD. putting threatening words on QQ may bring you problem63. This passage mainly wants to tell us that ___________.A. we shouldn’t break the US law if we study at a university in the USB. students and singers shouldn’t post words or emojis on social mediaC. students should study hard at school and not use the Internet too muchD. we should be careful when we send words or emojis on social media题材：社会热点【主旨大意】来自美国弗吉尼亚州的一名12岁女孩从未想到，她在网上发布的一条简单信息可能会给她带来大麻烦。她说:“杀人。星期二在图书馆见我”,并附上三个表情符号：枪,一把刀和一个炸弹。最后她被告知,她触犯了法律,因为威胁到了她的学校。无独有偶，其实在其他国家或地方也发生过类似的事件。60. C 【解析】细节理解题。从文章第一段该句She posted the words, “Killing. Meet me in the library Tuesday”, with three emojis（表情符号）of a gun, a knife and a bomb（炸弹）on Instagram, a social media（社交媒体）.可知答案选C。61. A 【解析】细节推理题。从文章第二段该句Not long ago, Ni Hanxiang, a Chinese student at a university in the US, was sent back to China after expressing on social media that he would kill his teachers if he failed to pass his exams. 不久前，美国一所大学的中国学生倪汉翔(音)在社交媒体上表示，如果考试不及格，他就会杀了他的老师。再结合文章第一段来自美国弗吉尼亚州12岁女孩的事件可知在美国这种行为是违法的。故选A。62. D 【解析】判断推理题。通过文章的三个事件，我们明白虽然言论自由，但是通过一些社交媒体散布的不当言论会给自己带来麻烦。古选D。63. D 【解析】判断推理题。选项A是文章的细节；B和C项与事实不符；而D项则是作者的真正目的，从文章最后一段该句So, do you think we’d better spend a minute or two thinking about the words or emojis we use on social media before we press “send” 那么，你认为我们是否最好花一两分钟思考一下我们在社交媒体上使用的单词或表情，然后再按“发送” 故选D。

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