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ensp静态路由配置(详细)
一、首先了解一下数据转发过程中路由器的工作原理 路由器的工作原理: (1)解封装:此处解封装的前提是目的mac地址是自己才能解封装 (2)根据目的ip查路由表转发数据。 查看路由表的命令:[Huawei]display ip routing-table 此处分两种情况: 情况1:如果目的ip在路由表中,则会把数据转发到相应的出接口 情况2:如果目的ip不在路由表中,则把数据丢了就可以了二、搭建好拓扑图 拓扑图如下: 这里我们直接使用第一个手工配置的方法, 具体操作如下: 我们双击PC1,然后在中间IPv4这里直接输入ip地址、子网掩码和网关 注意:配置好地址后一定不要忘记点击右下角的“应用”,否则配置无法保存。 PC2以及PC3的配置方式同理PC1。 接下来我们配置路由器的接口ip地址: 双击路由器R1:输入sys回车 sys Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei] [Huawei]interface e0/0/0 [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/0]ip address 10.1.1.254 24 [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/0]interface e0/0/1 [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/1]ip address 10.1.2.254 24 [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/1]interface g0/0/0 [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.1.1.1 24双击路由器R2: sys Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z. [Huawei]interface e0/0/1 [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/1]ip address 12.1.1.2 24 [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/1]interface e0/0/0 [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/0]ip address 10.1.3.254 24此时我们测试一下R1、R2直连路由的连通性:发现是连通的。 [Huawei]ping 12.1.1.2 PING 12.1.1.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 12.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=70 ms Reply from 12.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=40 ms Reply from 12.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=50 ms Reply from 12.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=50 ms Reply from 12.1.1.2: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=50 ms --- 12.1.1.2 ping statistics --- 5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 40/52/70 ms有了直连路由可以ping通的基础后,我们来建立静态路由(Static) 静态配置:[Huawei]ip route-static 目的网段 掩码 出接口 下一跳 注意: 下一跳地址:如果是以太网链路,g或者e开头的,出接口和下一跳地址必须加; 如果是s开头的串行线,可以不指定下一跳。在路由器R1上: [Huawei]ip route-static 10.1.3.0 24 g0/0/0 12.1.1.2在R1上“去”的有了,那么在R2上“回”的也得有: [Huawei]ip route-static 10.1.1.0 24 e0/0/1 12.1.1.1查看R1上的路由表信息: [Huawei]display ip routing-table Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Routing Tables: Public Destinations : 9 Routes : 9 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface 10.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.1.254 Ethernet0/0/0 10.1.1.254/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Ethernet0/0/0 10.1.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.2.254 Ethernet0/0/1 10.1.2.254/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Ethernet0/0/1 10.1.3.0/24 Static 60 0 D 12.1.1.2 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 12.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 12.1.1.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 12.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0 127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0配置完成以后,我们在PC1上ping一下PC3看是否连通: PC>ping 10.1.3.1 Ping 10.1.3.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break From 10.1.3.1: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=126 time=79 ms From 10.1.3.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=126 time=46 ms From 10.1.3.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=126 time=79 ms From 10.1.3.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=126 time=46 ms From 10.1.3.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=126 time=94 ms --- 10.1.3.1 ping statistics --- 5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 46/68/94 ms结果是可以ping通的,说明PC1实现了对PC3 的通信,也就是我们静态路由协议配置成功。 我们来补充一点知识(了解一下):如何获取非直连网段的路由? 1、静态配置:静态路由static 60(优先级值) 2、动态路由协议:OSPF 10,RIP 100 ,BGP 255,ISIS 15 (1)最长掩码匹配 10.1.3.1 10.1.3.1/24 10.1.3.1/28(最先匹配这个) (2)路由协议优先级:本着越小越优先的原则 (3)度量值:越小越优先 三、下面我们来分析一个稍微复杂一点的拓扑结构,目的是实现主机PC4、PC5和PC6之间的通信1、搭建好拓扑图 在R4上: [Huawei]interface e0/0/0 [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/0]ip address 45.1.1.2 24 [Huawei]interface e0/0/1 [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/1]ip address 56.1.1.1 24在R5上: [Huawei]interface e0/0/0 [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/0]ip address 56.1.1.2 24 [Huawei]interface e0/0/1 [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/1]ip address 67.1.1.1 24 [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/1]interface g0/0/0 [Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.2.254 24在R6上: [Huawei]interface e0/0/0 [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/0]ip address 67.1.1.2 24 [Huawei]interface e0/0/1 [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/1]ip address 78.1.1.1 24在R7上: [Huawei]interface e0/0/0 [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/0]ip address 78.1.1.2 24 [Huawei]interface e0/0/1 [Huawei-Ethernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.3.254 24配置好ip地址后,先测试一下直连路由的连通性: 例如:在R7上测试和R6的连通性: [Huawei]ping 78.1.1.1 PING 78.1.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Reply from 78.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=40 ms Reply from 78.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=50 ms Reply from 78.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=50 ms Reply from 78.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=50 ms Reply from 78.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=20 ms --- 78.1.1.1 ping statistics --- 5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 20/42/50 ms接下来我们开始配置静态路由: 在R3上: [Huawei]ip route-static 172.16.3.0 24 e0/0/1 45.1.1.2 [Huawei]ip route-static 172.16.2.0 24 e0/0/1 45.1.1.2在R4上: [Huawei]ip route-static 172.16.3.0 24 e0/0/1 56.1.1.2 [Huawei]ip route-static 172.16.1.0 24 e0/0/0 45.1.1.1 [Huawei]ip route-static 172.16.2.0 24 e0/0/1 56.1.1.2在R5上: [Huawei]ip route-static 172.16.3.0 24 e0/0/1 67.1.1.2 [Huawei]ip route-static 172.16.1.0 24 e0/0/0 56.1.1.1在R6上: [Huawei]ip route-static 172.16.3.0 24 e0/0/1 78.1.1.2 [Huawei]ip route-static 172.16.1.0 24 e0/0/0 67.1.1.1 [Huawei]ip route-static 172.16.2.0 24 e0/0/0 67.1.1.1在R7上: [Huawei]ip route-static 172.16.1.0 24 e0/0/0 78.1.1.1 [Huawei]ip route-static 172.16.2.0 24 e0/0/0 78.1.1.1在R5上查看路由表(随便哪一个路由器都可以): 在PC5上: PC>ping 172.16.1.1 Ping 172.16.1.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break From 172.16.1.1: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=125 time=94 ms From 172.16.1.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=125 time=78 ms From 172.16.1.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=125 time=94 ms From 172.16.1.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=125 time=109 ms From 172.16.1.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=125 time=110 ms --- 172.16.1.1 ping statistics --- 5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 78/97/110 ms PC>ping 172.16.3.1 Ping 172.16.3.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break From 172.16.3.1: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=125 time=94 ms From 172.16.3.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=125 time=109 ms From 172.16.3.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=125 time=62 ms From 172.16.3.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=125 time=79 ms From 172.16.3.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=125 time=78 ms --- 172.16.3.1 ping statistics --- 5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 62/84/109 ms在PC6上: PC>ping 172.16.1.1 Ping 172.16.1.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break From 172.16.1.1: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=123 time=125 ms From 172.16.1.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=123 time=156 ms From 172.16.1.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=123 time=125 ms From 172.16.1.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=123 time=110 ms From 172.16.1.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=123 time=187 ms --- 172.16.1.1 ping statistics --- 5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 110/140/187 ms PC>ping 172.16.2.1 Ping 172.16.2.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break From 172.16.2.1: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=125 time=78 ms From 172.16.2.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=125 time=94 ms From 172.16.2.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=125 time=94 ms From 172.16.2.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=125 time=109 ms From 172.16.2.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=125 time=94 ms --- 172.16.2.1 ping statistics --- 5 packet(s) transmitted 5 packet(s) received 0.00% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max = 78/93/109 msPC4、PC5和PC6之间可以相互通信,配置完毕。 |
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