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学英语核心二语法

2023-11-28 11:57| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

介词prep

介词,表示名词、代词等与句中其它词的关系,在句中不能单独作句子成分。

介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语,表示与其他成分的关系。介词词后面的名词或代词称为介词的宾语(如果是人称代词,则要用宾格)。 介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语,定语或介词宾语。介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词、数量介词和其他介词。

1、at

(1)主要表示方向、场所、时间的某一点。

The post office is at the corner of the street.邮局在街道拐角上。

(2)at主要用于表示时刻。

at 5:00 o'clock.

(3)用于一些常用词组中:

at this moment(此刻),at the beginning of,at the end of,at noon,at night,at first at last,at once.

2、in

(1)in表示场所、时间与期限、状况和方向。

Max spoke to the stranger in English.马克思用英语同陌生人交谈。

(2)in主要用于表示较长的时间单位,如月份、季节、年份、年代等。

In spring(在春天)in the 1990's(20世纪90年代)in those days(在那些日子里)

3、on

(1)主要表示在上面,根据 或有关

It's hard luck on John,having to working while the rest of us are on holiday对约翰来说真不幸,其他人休假而他却要上班。

(2)on可具体指某一天或特指某一天的上午、下午或晚上。

On the morning of Augustl(在8月1日的早上)On New Year's Day(在元旦)on time(按时)in tine(及时)

4、by

(1)主要表示接近,时限,动作的执行者,方式。

The river flows by the little village.这条河流经这个小村Buses passed by every ten or fifteen minutes.公共汽车每隔10分钟或者15分钟经过一次。

(2)用在一些常用词组中。

by ship,by plane,by bus,by chance,by hand,by heart,by accident.

5、for

(1)主要表示目的,原因,交换值以及时间和距离的长度。

Mr Smith made a new toy for his children。史密斯先生为孩子们做了一个新玩具。There are three chairs for each room.每个房间有三张椅子。

(2)用在一些常用词组中。

For that reason,for two years,for free,for sale

6、of

(1)主要表示部分与全体的关系,所有关系,来源等。

This is a book of mine.这是我的一本书。

7、to

(1)主要表示方向,程度,结果,关系和位置。

When you come to thetraftic lighs,tur lef.

你来到交通岗时,向左转弯。John has sent the book to you.约翰已把书送给你了。连词conj

连词是用来连接词与词、词组与词组或句子与句子、表示某种逻辑关系的虚词。连词可以表并列、转折、假设、选择、递进、条件、因果等关系。

连词分类:

1、并列连词表示词、短语、从句或句子之间具有并列关系。可以表示平行关系,转折关系,选择关系和因果关系。

(1)表示平行关系的连词:

and(和)both..and(和,两者都)nether...nor(既不 也不..)not only...but also(不但 而且.)as well as(和,也,除 外,而且)

(2)表示转折关系的连词

but while(而,虽然)yet(可是)owever(然而)whereas(然而)nevertheless(然而,不过)but表示转折,while表示对比,

(3)表示选择关系的连词:

or(或者,否则)or else(否则)otherwise(要不然)either...or...或者或者)rather than(而不是)

(4)表示因果关系的连词:

so for thus(因此)hence(因此)therefore(因此)consequently(因而,所以)

2、从属连词是用来引导连接主句和从句的连词。分为引导名词性从句的连词和引导状语从句的连词。

(1)引导名词性的从句

1)从属连词that,whether,if不充当成分。2)连接代词who,whom,which,what充当主,宾,定,表语等。3)连接副词when,where,how,why充当状语。

(2)引导状语从句的从属连词

1)时间:when,while,as当...时

when+瞬间,延续性动词 while+延续性动词 as+瞬间,延续性动词“一边.一边” till/until,once,as soon as(一....就), the moment/instant(一...就),

(2)原因as.hecause for since

for语气最弱,引导的分句放在句末 Becaus语气最强,句首,句末均可 As(因为)置于句首 Since(既然)通常置于句首 now that(既然)considering that

(3)地点:where,wherever

(4)条件:if,unless=if...not,so/as long as

suppose(that)假使 on condition that如果 provided/providing(that)倘使,如果

(5)让步:though/although不与but连用.

as(尽管),even if/though(即使) however(无论怎样),whatever no matter how/who/which

3、常用的英语连词

1)先后次序关系:

at this time;first;second;at last;next;previously;simultaneously;eventually;last but not least;to begin with;to start with;to end with;finally;seeing..;since then;first of all;afterwards;following this;preceding this

2)因果关系:

because;because of this;being that;another important factor/reason of..;since;as;for;in that.;owing to;due to;for the reason that..:in view of;the reason seems to be obvious;there are about...;for this reason;as a result of this;therefore;...and so...;consequently;as a result;thus;hence;so;so that..in consequence;as a consequence;accordingly;inevitably;under these conditions;thereupon.

3)转折关系:

buts even so;however;though:even though;independent of;reckless of;despite that:in spite of that;regardless of,yet..:and yet;but,unless

4)并列关系:

and;also;too:;as well as;either..,or.;both...and..

5)(补充)递进关系:

furthermore;moreover;further;In this way;still;not only...but also....not...but..;in addition(to);additionally,much more interesting,more specifically,next,besides;as far as...is concerned;moreover;in other words;along this line of consideration;on the one hand..,on the other hand..even;as a poplar saying goes..;in order to do it..;meanwhile;at the same time;accordingly;In the first place..,in the second place...sequally important;of even greater appeal

6)比较关系:

similarly:in like manner,in comparison with;when compared with;compared with:when in fact:like...likewise;similarly important;apart from(doing)...rather than..,by doing so;both...and.;in the same way;not only...but(also)

7)对照(不同点):

yet;still;for all of that;notwithstanding;rather;neither..or;although;though;but;however;something is just the other way around;yet;conversely;unlike;opposed to;as opposed to;in contrast(to);by way of;on the contrary;different from this;as opposed a to this;nevertheless;contrary to;whereas;while;but on the other hand.

8)举例关系:

for example;for instance;in this case;namely;as you know;you may as/say; as he explains;like;such as;a case in point is..;consider..in particular;including...:for one thing...,for another..put it simply;stated roughly;as an illustration,I will say...:as proof,take the case of;good example;as for;as regards;as to;according to;on this occasion.

9)强调关系:

in fact;especially;particularly;moreover;naturally;what is more important;in reality;certainly;of course;indeed;in particular;not to mention..;believe it or not;undeniably;other thing being equal;it is certain/sure that..:to be strict;to be true;by definition;definitely;undoubtedly;without a doubt;in truth,in any event;without reservation;obviously,not only.but(also..),both...and...

10)条件关系:

if,unless;lest:provided that;if it is the case;in this sense:once...if possible:if necessary;if so;if not all;if anything.

11)归纳总结类:

inother words;on the whole;in sum;therefore;hence;in short;in brief;to sum up;in conclusion:in summary;to conclude;the conclusion can be drawn that..;for this reason;in short.

12)地点关系:

beyond;opposite to;adjacent to;at the same place;there;over;in the middle;around;in front of,in the distance;farther;here and there;above;below;at the right;between;on this side

13)目的关系:

with this object;for this purpose;in order that;in this way,since;so that;on that account;in case;with a view to;for the same reason.

14)重申关系:

in other words;that is to say;as I have said;again;once again

15)结果关系:

accordingly;thus;consequently;hence;therefore;thereupon;inevitably;under these conditions;as a result;as a consequence;because;because of;so that;not only...but(also...;so...as to.

16)顺序关系:

first;second;thirdly;next;then;at the outset(在开始时),following this;at this time;now;at this point;after;afterward;after this;subsequently;lastly;finally;consequently;

17)时间关系:

at once;immediately;at length;in the mean time;meanwhile;at the same time;in the end;then;soon;not long after:later;at once;at last;finally;somc time ago;at present;all of a sudden;from this time on;from time to time;since then;when;whenever;next point;a few minutes later;formerly;as;once;since;occasionally;in a moment;shortly;whereupon;previously.

密密麻麻的一堆,不用刻意去背,大概混个眼熟就行了

感谢浏览,希望以上内容对你有所帮助。

祝你学习快乐!



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