nmon是一款分析 AIX 和 Linux 性能的免费工具

2023-05-15 17:16| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

[root@lamw /home/lam7/nmon]# chmod u+x nmon_x86_64_centos6

笔者这边把 nmon_x86_64_centos6 文件名称改成“nmon”了方便后续执行（PS：如果不改文件名称可以直接 ./nmon_x86_64_centos6去执行）

然后就可以用 ./nmon去执行了

[root@lamw /home/lam7/nmon]# ./nmon

nmon是个交互式程序，当我们执行nmon的时候会出现一个交互窗口，我们执行相关的命令就会出现相关的信息。

比如这里我按c，就会显示cpu的相关信息

根据自己需要监控的数据直接输入相关信息即可，按H 可以查看对应的命令帮助解释

按q键，退出显示，其实就是这么简单。

下面通过nmon_analyse生成分析报表

nmon -h 可以查看帮助信息

Hint for nmon version 16d Full Help Info : nmon -h On-screen Stats: nmon Data Collection: nmon -f [-s ] [-c ] [-t|-T] Capacity Plan : nmon -x Interactive-Mode: Read the Welcome screen & at any time type: "h" for more help Type "q" to exit nmon For Data-Collect-Mode -f Must be the first option on the line (switches off interactive mode) Saves data to a CSV Spreadsheet format .nmon file in then local directory Note: -f sets a defaults -s300 -c288 which you can then modify Further Data Collection Options: -s time between data snapshots -c of snapshots before exiting -t Includes Top Processes stats (-T also collects command arguments) -x Capacity Planning=15 min snapshots for 1 day. (nmon -ft -s 900 -c 96) ---- End of Hints ---- Full Help Information for nmon 16d For Interactive and Data Collection Mode: User Defined Disk Groups (DG) - This works in both modes It is a work around Linux issues, where disks & partitions are mixed up in /proc files & drive driver developers use bizarre device names, making it trick to separate them. -g Use this file to define the groups - On each line: group-name (space separated list) - Example line: database sdb sdc sdd sde - Up to 64 disk groups, 512 disks per line - Disks names can appear more than one group -g auto - Will generate a file called "auto" with just disks from "lsblk|grep disk" output For Interactive use define the groups then type: g or G For Data Capture defining the groups switches on data collection Data-Collect-Mode = spreadsheet format (i.e. comma separated values) Note: Use only one of f, F, R, x, X or z to switch on Data Collection mode Note: Make it the first argument then use other options to modify the defaults Note: Don't collect data that you don't want - it just makes the files too large Note: Too many snapshots = too much data and crashes Analyser and other tools Note: 500 to 800 snapshots make a good graph on a normal size screen Recommended normal minimal options: snapshots every 2 minutes all day: Simple capture: nmon -f -s 120 -c 720 With Top Procs: nmon -fT -s 120 -c 720 Set the directory: nmon -fT -s 120 -c 720 -m /home/nag/nmon Capture a busy hour: nmon -fT -s 5 -c 720 -m /home/nag/nmon For Data-Collect-Mode Options -f spreadsheet output format [note: default -s300 -c288] output file is _YYYYMMDD_HHMM.nmon -F same as -f but user supplied filename Not recommended as the default file name is perfect The other options in alphabetical order: -a Include Accelerator GPU stats -b Online only: for black and white mode (switch off colour) -c The number of snapshots before nmon stops -d To set the maximum number of disks [default 256] Ignores disks if the systems has 100's of disk or the config is odd! -D Use with -g to add the Disk Wait/Service Time & in-flight stats -f and -F See above -g User Defined Disk Groups (see above) - Data Capture: Generates BBBG & DG lines -g auto See above but makes the file "auto" for you of just the disks like sda etc. -h This help output -I Set the ignore process & disks busy threshold (default 0.1%) Don't save or show proc/disk using less than this percent -l Disks per line in data capture to avoid spreadsheet width issues. Default 150. EMC=64. -m nmon changes to this directory before saving to file Useful when starting nmon via cron -M Adds MHz stats for each CPU thread. Some POWER8 model CPU cores can be different frequencies -N Include NFS Network File System for V2, V3 and V4 -p nmon outputs the PID when it starts. Useful in scripts to capture the PID for a later safe stop. -r Use in a benchmark to record the run details for later analysis [default hostname] -R Old rrdtool format used by some - may be removed in the future. If you use this email Nigel -s Time between snap shots - with "-c count" decides duration of the data capture -t Include Top Processes in the output -T As -t plus it saves command line arguments in UARG section -U Include the Linux 10 CPU utilisation stats (CPUUTIL lines in the file) -V Print nmon version & exit immediately To manually load nmon files into a spreadsheet: sort -A *nmon >stats.csv Transfer the stats.csv file to your PC Start spreadsheet & then Open with type=comma-separated-value ASCII file This puts every datum in a different cell Now select the data of one type (same 1st column) and graph it The nmon Analyser & other tools do not need the file sorted. Capacity Planning mode - use cron to run each day -x Sensible spreadsheet output for one day Every 15 mins for 1 day ( i.e. -ft -s 900 -c 96) -X Sensible spreadsheet output for busy hour Every 30 secs for 1 hour ( i.e. -ft -s 30 -c 120) -z Like -x but the output saved in /var/perf/tmp assuming root user Interactive Mode Keys in Alphabetical Order Start nmon then type the letters below to switch on & off particular stats The stats are always in the same order on-screen To see more stats: make the font smaller or use two windows Key --- Toggles on off to control what is displayed --- b = Black and white mode (or use -b command line option) c = CPU Utilisation stats with bar graphs (CPU core threads) C = CPU Utilisation as above but concise wide view (up to 192 CPUs) d = Disk I/O Busy% & Graphs of Read and Write KB/s D = Disk I/O Numbers including Transfers, Average Block Size & Peaks (type: 0 to reset) g = User Defined Disk Groups (assumes -g when starting nmon) G = Change Disk stats (d) to just disks (assumes -g auto when starting nmon) h = This help information j = File Systems including Journal File Systems k = Kernel stats Run Queue, context-switch, fork, Load Average & Uptime l = Long term Total CPU (over 75 snapshots) via bar graphs L = Large and =Huge memory page stats m = Memory & Swap stats M = MHz for machines with variable frequency 1st=Threads 2nd=Cores 3=Graphs n = Network stats & errors (if no errors it disappears) N = NFS - Network File System 1st NFS V2 & V3, 2nd=NFS4-Client & 3rd=NFS4-Server o = Disk I/O Map (one character per disk pixels showing how busy it is) Particularly good if you have 100's of disks q = Quit r = Resources: Machine type, name, cache details & OS version & Distro + LPAR t = Top Processes: select the data & order 1=Basic, 3=Perf 4=Size 5=I/O=root only u = Top Process with command line details U = CPU utilisation stats - all 10 Linux stats: user, user_nice, system, idle, iowait, irq, softirq, steal, guest, guest_nice v = Experimental Verbose mode - tries to make recommendations V = Virtual Memory stats Key --- Other Interactive Controls --- + = Double the screen refresh time - = Halves the screen refresh time 0 = Reset peak counts to zero (peak highlight with ">") 1 = Top Processes mode 1 Nice, Priority, Status 3 = Top Processes mode 3 CPU, Memory, Faults 4 = Top Processes mode 4 as 3 but order by memory 5 = Top Processes mode 5 as 3 but order by I/O (if root user) 6 = Highlights 60% row on Long Term CPU view 7 = Highlights 70% row on Long Term CPU view 8 = Highlights 80% row on Long Term CPU view 9 = Highlights 90% row on Long Term CPU view . = Minimum mode i.e. only busy disks and processes shown space = Refresh screen now Interactive Start-up Control If you find you always type the same toggles every time you start then place them in the NMON shell variable. For example: export NMON=cmdrtn Other items for Interactive and Data Collection mode: a) To limit the processes nmon lists (online and to a file) either set NMONCMD0 to NMONCMD63 to the program names or use -C cmd:cmd:cmd etc. example: -C ksh:vi:syncd Other items for Data Collection mode: b) To you want to stop nmon use: kill -USR2 c) Use -p and nmon outputs the background process pid d) If you want to pipe nmon output to other commands use a FIFO: mkfifo /tmp/mypipe nmon -F /tmp/mypipe & tail -f /tmp/mypipe e) If nmon fails please report it with: 1) nmon version like: 16d 2) the output of: cd /proc; cat cpuinfo meminfo partitions stat vmstat 3) some clue of what you were doing 4) I may ask you to run the debug version or collect data files f) If box & line characters are letters then check: terminal emulator & $TERM g) External Data Collectors - nmon will execute a command or script at each snapshot time They must output to a different file which is merge afterwards with the nmon output Set the following shell variables: NMON_START = script to generate CVS Header test line explaining the columns Generate: TabName,DataDescription,Column_name_and_units,Column_name_and_units ... NMON_SNAP = script for each snapshots data, the parameter is the T0000 snapshot number Generate: TabName,T00NN,Data,Data,Data ... NMON_END = script to clean up or finalise the data NMON_ONE_IN = call NMON_START less often (if it is heavy in CPU terms) Once capture done: cat nmon-file data-file >merged-file ; ready for Analyser or other tools The nmon Analyser will automatically do its best to graph the data on a new Tab sheet Developer: Nigel Griffiths See http://nmon.sourceforge.net Feedback welcome - On the current release only No warranty given or implied. Copyright GPLv3 复制代码

运行带 -f 标志的 nmon 命令。

nmon -f -s 30 -c 100

[root@lamw /home/lam7/nmon]# nmon -f -s 36 -c 100

-f 表示生成的数据文件名中有时间；

-t 输出中包括占用率较高的进程；

-s 36 表示每 36 秒采集一次数据；

-c 100 表示采集 100 次，36s*100=3600秒；

采集60分钟数据，这样运行一次这个程序就会生成一个采集 60分钟数据的文件。该行命令将在当前目录中创建输出文件，其名称为：_date_time.nmon", hostname" 是这台主机的主机名。

在采集当中也可以通过命令

ps -ef | grep nmon 查看采集数据的进程

[root@lamw /home/lam7/nmon]# ps -ef | grep nmon

60分钟后再次执行此命令可以发现进程已结束

在我们当前目录下可以查看到以 ****_170323_1102.nmon 命名的文件 “***”为主机名称

我们通过more命令后发现都是我们看不懂的一些文本，这就需要我们把其转化成我们能看懂的excel格式的文件。首先我们把****_170323_1102.nmon文件导出到我们的windows本地。然后通过nmon Analyser 去生成报告CSV文件

下载安装 nmon Analyser

https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/community/wikis/home?lang=en#!/wiki/Power+Systems/page/nmon_analyser

下载解压后发现一个是NA_UserGuide v51_2.docx的说明word格式的说明文档，另一个是nmon analyser v51_2.xlsm格式的nmon analyse文件。

打开nmon analyser v51_2.xlsm 导入从linux中导出的 ****_170323_1102.nmon文件，生成报告excel文档

如果是用WPS打开nmon analyser v51_2.xlsm的，会提示安装宏，wps是不带宏的，安装宏之后调整Excel宏安全性：工具--宏--安全性----低

可以切换展示的图片格式查看所监控的数据信息

橙色：系列"IO/sec"

蓝色：系列"CPU%"

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